
ibuprofen
Ibuprofen, also known by the brand names Advil and Motrin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to lower fever and relieve pain, inflammation, and swelling. It's available over the counter and by prescription in several forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid suspensions. The medication is taken by mouth every 4 to 8 hours, but the dose depends on your age, weight, and what you're taking it for. Common side effects include nausea, heartburn, and stomach pain.
What is Ibuprofen?
What is Ibuprofen used for?
Over-the-counter ibuprofen:
- Short-term relief of minor aches and pains due to headache, muscle aches, minor arthritis pain, toothache, backache, the common cold, or menstrual cramps
- Fever
Prescription ibuprofen:
- Mild-to-moderate pain
- Pain from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), or juvenile arthritis (JA)
- Pain from menstrual cramps
How Ibuprofen works
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking cyclooxygenase (COX) proteins, which produce chemicals called prostaglandins that trigger pain, fever, and inflammation. By reducing prostaglandin levels, ibuprofen helps lower fever and ease pain and swelling.
Drug facts
| Common Brands | Advil, Children's Advil, Motrin, Children's Motrin |
|---|---|
| Drug Class | NSAID |
| Controlled Substance Classification | Not a controlled medication |
| Generic Status | Lower-cost generic available |
| Availability | Prescription or over-the-counter |
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Side effects of Ibuprofen
The following side effects may get better over time as your body gets used to the medication. Let your healthcare provider know immediately if you continue to experience these symptoms or if they worsen over time.
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Stomach pain
- Heartburn
- Dizziness
- Rash
Less Common Side Effects
- Vomiting
- Reduced appetite
- Headache
- Ringing in the ears
- Swelling
- Itching
- Nervousness
- Blurred vision
Ibuprofen serious side effects
Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you experience any of the following.
- Stomach bleeding: vomiting blood, bloody or dark stools, severe stomach pain or discomfort
- Heart attack: chest pain, shortness of breath, radiating pain
- Stroke: chest pain, trouble breathing, weakness in one part of the body or face, slurred speech
- Kidney problems: tiredness, dry and itchy skin, low appetite, urinating less than usual, foamy or bloody urine, muscle cramps
- Liver problems: stomach swelling, yellowing of the skin or the whites of the eyes, dark or brown urine
- Severe allergic reactions: swelling of the face or throat, hives, wheezing, trouble breathing
- Severe skin reactions: painful rash, blisters, peeling skin, mouth sores, fever
More on Ibuprofen side effects
The following Ibuprofen side effects have also been reported
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
More common
Abdominal pain
acid or sour stomach
belching
cloudy urine
decrease in amount of urine
decrease in urine output or decrease in urine-concentrating ability
difficulty having a bowel movement (stool)
excess air or gas in stomach or intestines
full feeling
indigestion
itching skin
pain or discomfort in chest, upper stomach, or throat
pale skin
passing gas
noisy, rattling breathing
rash with flat lesions or small raised lesions on the skin
shortness of breath
swelling of face, fingers, hands, feet, lower legs, or ankles
troubled breathing at rest
troubled breathing with exertion
unusual bleeding or bruising
unusual tiredness or weakness
vomiting
Less common
Abdominal cramps
stomach soreness or discomfort
Rare
Agitation
back, leg, or stomach pains
bleeding gums
blistering, peeling, loosening of skin
blood in urine or stools
bloody, black, or tarry stools
blurred vision
burning feeling in chest or stomach
change in vision
chills
clay-colored stools
coma
confusion
cough or hoarseness
dark urine
decreased urine output
difficulty breathing
difficulty swallowing
dilated neck veins
dizziness
extreme fatigue
fast, irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse
fever with or without chills
general body swelling
general feeling of tiredness or weakness
hair loss, thinning of hair
headache
hives or welts
hostility
impaired vision
increased blood pressure
increased volume of pale, dilute urine
irregular breathing
irritability
joint or muscle pain
lab results that show problems with liver
lethargy
light-colored stools
loss of appetite
lower back or side pain
muscle twitching
nosebleeds
painful or difficult urination
pains in stomach, side, or abdomen, possibly radiating to the back
pinpoint red spots on skin
puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue
rash
red skin lesions, often with a purple center
red, irritated eyes
redness of skin
seizures
severe abdominal pain, cramping, burning
severe and continuing nausea
sores, ulcers, or white spots in mouth or on lips
stiff neck or back
stomach upset
stupor
swollen or painful glands
tenderness in stomach area
thirst
tightness in chest
unpleasant breath odor
upper right abdominal pain
vomiting of blood
vomiting of material that looks like coffee grounds
yellow eyes and skin
Symptoms of overdose
Bluish lips or skin
disorientation
dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up from a lying or sitting position suddenly
drowsiness to profound coma
hallucination
lightheadedness or fainting
mood or other mental changes
muscle tremors
not breathing
rapid, deep breathing
restlessness
slow or irregular heartbeat
stomach cramps
sudden fainting
sweating
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
More common
Continuing ringing or buzzing or other unexplained noise in ears
hearing loss
nervousness
Rare
Crying
depersonalization
discouragement
dysphoria
euphoria
feeling sad or empty
lack of appetite
loss of interest or pleasure
mental depression
paranoia
quick to react or overreact
rapidly changing moods
sleepiness or unusual drowsiness
trouble concentrating
trouble sleeping
unable to sleep
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
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Pros and cons of Ibuprofen
Pros
- Lowers fever and treats both pain and inflammation
- Approved for both adults and children
- Available OTC and by prescription
- Comes in several dosage forms, including tablets, capsules, and oral suspensions
Cons
- Can cause stomach ulcers or serious bleeding
- Might need multiple doses throughout the day
- Interacts with many medications
- Generally should be avoided at 20 weeks of pregnancy or later
Pharmacist tips for Ibuprofen
- You can take ibuprofen with or without food. If it upsets your stomach, try taking it with food or milk to help with nausea.
- Use the lowest effective dose of ibuprofen for the shortest time needed. Higher doses or longer use can raise your risk of serious stomach, heart, and kidney problems.
- Limit alcohol while taking ibuprofen. Combining them can raise your risk of serious side effects, including stomach bleeding and kidney problems.
- Ibuprofen can cause serious stomach bleeding. Get medical help right away if you vomit blood, have severe stomach pain, or notice bloody or black stools.
- Check the active ingredients in other medications before taking ibuprofen. Many cold, flu, pain, and sleep products contain an NSAID, and accidentally taking more than one NSAID can raise your risk of side effects.
- Tell your healthcare professional and pharmacist about all medications you take before taking ibuprofen. It interacts with many common medications, so they can check whether your medications are safe to take together.
- If you take low-dose aspirin (81 mg per day) for your heart, ask your healthcare professional before taking ibuprofen. If they say it's safe, take ibuprofen at least 30 minutes after or at least 8 hours before immediate-release aspirin so it doesn't interfere with aspirin's effects.
- If you have high blood pressure, your healthcare professional might ask you to check your blood pressure more often when taking ibuprofen. The medication can raise your blood pressure and make some blood pressure medications work less well.
- Pregnancy: Don't take ibuprofen at 20 weeks of pregnancy or later unless a healthcare professional specifically tells you to. NSAIDs can cause kidney problems in an unborn baby and other pregnancy complications.
- Breastfeeding: Speak with your healthcare professional before taking ibuprofen if you're breastfeeding. They can discuss the risks and benefits with you.
OTC ibuprofen tips:
- Follow the label on your specific OTC ibuprofen. Adults and children ages 12 years and older typically take 200 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed, with a maximum of 1,200 mg in 24 hours unless a healthcare professional tells you otherwise.
- For liquid suspension: Shake the bottle well before each dose. Measure your dose with the device that comes with the medication instead of a household spoon.
- Stop taking OTC ibuprofen and contact a healthcare professional if your pain gets worse or lasts more than 10 days, or your fever gets worse or lasts more than 3 days. Also contact them if you develop redness or swelling in the painful area or any new symptoms.
Prescription ibuprofen tips:
- Take prescription ibuprofen exactly as prescribed. Prescription tablets come in 400 mg, 600 mg, and 800 mg strengths, which is much more than the standard 200 mg OTC strength.
More on Ibuprofen tips
Risks and warnings for Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen can cause some serious health issues. This risk may be even higher for certain groups. If this worries you, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about other options.
Heart attack and stroke
- Risk factors: Heart problems | Higher doses of ibuprofen | Taking ibuprofen for a long time | Past or planned heart surgery
Ibuprofen can raise your risk of serious or life-threatening heart problems, including heart attack and stroke. This risk is higher with larger doses and longer treatment. Your risk is also higher if you already have heart problems.
Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest time needed. Avoid ibuprofen if you've recently had a heart attack unless your healthcare professional specifically recommends it. You also shouldn't take it before or after a certain type of heart surgery. Get medical help right away if you develop chest pain, trouble breathing, sudden weakness or numbness, or trouble speaking.
Stomach bleeding and ulcers
- Risk factors: Older adults | History of stomach bleeding or ulcers | Taking other medications that raise your risk of bleeds | Drinking alcohol | Smoking | Poor overall health | Taking ibuprofen for a long time
Ibuprofen can raise your risk of serious stomach problems, including bleeding and ulcers (sores). These problems can happen at any time during treatment, sometimes without warning, and can be life-threatening. Your risk increases with longer use, but serious problems can also happen with short-term use.
Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest time needed. Stop taking ibuprofen and get medical help right away if you vomit blood, have bloody or black stools, or develop severe stomach pain.
High blood pressure
- Risk factors: History of high blood pressure | Taking certain water pills (diuretics)
Ibuprofen can cause new high blood pressure or make existing high blood pressure worse. It can also make certain blood pressure medications, including some water pills (diuretics), work less well. You might want to check your blood pressure more often when you start treatment and while taking the medication.
Heart failure and swelling
- Risk factors: History of heart failure | Taking certain heart or blood pressure medications
Ibuprofen can cause your body to hold on to extra fluid, which can lead to swelling (edema) or make heart failure worse. It can also make certain heart and blood pressure medications work less well.
Tell your care team if you develop new or worsening swelling, sudden weight gain, or shortness of breath. Ibuprofen should generally be avoided if you have severe heart failure unless your healthcare professional decides the benefits outweigh the risks.
Kidney problems
- Risk factors: Older adults | Kidney or liver problems | Heart failure | Taking certain heart or blood pressure medications
Ibuprofen can lower blood flow to your kidneys and cause new or worsening kidney problems. The risk is higher in older adults and people who already have certain health problems. Your care team might check your kidney health while you're taking ibuprofen. Contact them if you notice swelling, urinating less than usual, or other signs of kidney problems.
Liver problems
Ibuprofen can sometimes cause changes in your liver tests. Rarely, it can cause serious or life-threatening liver problems, including liver failure.
Your care team might check your liver health if you develop symptoms or have abnormal blood tests. Stop taking ibuprofen and contact them right away if you develop yellowing of your skin or eyes, dark urine, severe tiredness, nausea, or a rash.
Severe allergic reactions
- Risk factors: Aspirin allergy | NSAID allergy | Asthma
Ibuprofen can rarely cause serious or life-threatening allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Get emergency medical help right away if you develop trouble breathing, wheezing, swelling of your face or throat, or hives.
Don't take ibuprofen if you've had a serious allergic or asthma reaction after taking aspirin or another NSAID.
Severe skin reactions
Ibuprofen can rarely cause serious or life-threatening skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). These reactions can happen without warning and might affect other parts of your body.
Stop taking ibuprofen and get medical help right away if you develop a new rash, blisters, peeling skin, fever, swollen lymph nodes, or swelling of your face. Some serious reactions can start with fever or swollen lymph nodes before a rash appears.
Harm to unborn babies
- Risk factors: 20 weeks of pregnancy or later
Ibuprofen can harm an unborn baby, especially when it's taken at 20 weeks of pregnancy or later (after week 20). It can cause serious problems, including heart or kidney problems in your unborn baby and complications during delivery. If you're pregnant, talk to your OB-GYN before taking ibuprofen about the risks and benefits and whether there are safer alternatives.
Caution use in people with phenylketonuria (PKU) - chewable tablets only
The ibuprofen chewable tablets contain phenylalanine, which comes from the artificial sweetener aspartame. Phenylalanine can be harmful if your child has phenylketonuria (PKU), a genetic condition that makes it hard for the body to break down phenylalanine. Ask your child's pediatrician or pharmacist about a safer ibuprofen formulation.
More on Ibuprofen warnings
Ibuprofen dosage
Typical dosage for Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen is available both over the counter (OTC) and by prescription. The dosage depends on why you’re taking it, the strength and form you're using, and your age and weight.
Follow the package instructions or your healthcare professional's directions. In general:
Over-the-counter ibuprofen
-
Ibuprofen 200 mg capsule and tablets:
- Age 12 years and older: The typical dose is 200 mg by mouth every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Don't take more than 6 pills (1,200 mg) in 24 hours.
- Age under 12 years: Ask your child's pediatrician or pharmacist.
-
Children's ibuprofen 100 mg chewable tablets
- Age 2 to 11 years weighing 24 to 95 lbs: The dose is based on your child's age and weight and typically ranges from 1 to 3 tablets by mouth every 6 to 8 hours. Don't give more than 4 doses in 24 hours. Refer to the ibuprofen dosage guide for children or the package instructions for the correct dose.
- Age under 2 years weighing less than 24 lbs: Ask your child's pediatrician or pharmacist.
-
Children's ibuprofen 100 mg/5 mL oral suspension:
- Age 2 to 11 years weighing 24 to 95 lbs: The dose is based on your child's age and weight and typically ranges from 5 mL to 15 mL by mouth every 6 to 8 hours. Don't give more than 4 doses in 24 hours. Refer to the ibuprofen dosage guide for children or the package instructions for the correct dose.
- Age under 2 years weighing less than 24 lbs: Ask your child's pediatrician or pharmacist.
-
Infant's ibuprofen 50 mg/1.25 mL liquid drops:
- Age 6 to 23 months weighing 12 to 23 lbs: The dose is based on your child's age and weight and typically ranges from 1.25 mL to 1.875 mL by mouth every 6 to 8 hours. Don't give more than 4 doses in 24 hours. Refer to the ibuprofen dosage guide for children or the package instructions for the correct dose.
- Age under 6 months: Ask your child's pediatrician or pharmacist.
Prescription ibuprofen
- Ibuprofen tablets
- Adults
- Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: The typical dose is 400 mg, 600 mg, or 800 mg by mouth 3 to 4 times a day.
- Pain: The typical dose is 400 mg by mouth every 4 to 6 hours as needed.
- Menstrual cramps: The typical dose is 400 mg by mouth every 4 hours as needed.
- Adults
- Ibuprofen oral suspension
- Adults
- Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: The typical dose is 300 mg by mouth 4 times a day OR 400 mg, 600 mg, or 800 mg by mouth 3 to 4 times a day.
- Menstrual cramps: The typical dose is 400 mg by mouth every 4 hours as needed.
- Children ages 6 months to 2 years
- Fever: The typical dose is 5 mg/kg by mouth every 6 to 8 hours as needed.
- Pain: The typical dose is 10 mg/kg by mouth every 6 to 8 hours as needed
- Juvenile arthritis: The typical dose is 30 mg/kg to 40 mg/kg per day, divided into 3 to 4 doses.
- Adults
More on Ibuprofen dosage
Interactions between Ibuprofen and other drugs
More on Ibuprofen interactions
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
- Abciximab
- Aceclofenac
- Acemetacin
- Acenocoumarol
- Amiloride
- Amineptine
- Amitriptyline
- Amitriptylinoxide
- Amoxapine
- Amtolmetin Guacil
- Anagrelide
- Apixaban
- Ardeparin
- Argatroban
- Aspirin
- Balsalazide
- Bemiparin
- Bendroflumethiazide
- Benzthiazide
- Betamethasone
- Betrixaban
- Bismuth Subsalicylate
- Bivalirudin
- Bromfenac
- Budesonide
- Bufexamac
- Bumetanide
- Cangrelor
- Celecoxib
- Certoparin
- Chlorothiazide
- Chlorthalidone
- Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate
- Choline Salicylate
- Cilostazol
- Citalopram
- Clomipramine
- Clonixin
- Clopamide
- Clopidogrel
- Cortisone
- Cyclopenthiazide
- Cyclosporine
- Dabigatran Etexilate
- Dalteparin
- Danaparoid
- Deflazacort
- Desipramine
- Desirudin
- Desmopressin
- Desvenlafaxine
- Dexamethasone
- Dexibuprofen
- Dexketoprofen
- Diazoxide
- Dibenzepin
- Diclofenac
- Diflunisal
- Digoxin
- Dipyridamole
- Dipyrone
- Dothiepin
- Doxepin
- Droxicam
- Duloxetine
- Edoxaban
- Enoxaparin
- Eplerenone
- Epoprostenol
- Eptifibatide
- Escitalopram
- Ethacrynic Acid
- Etodolac
- Etofenamate
- Etoricoxib
- Felbinac
- Fenoprofen
- Fepradinol
- Feprazone
- Feverfew
- Floctafenine
- Flufenamic Acid
- Fluocortolone
- Fluoxetine
- Flurbiprofen
- Fluvoxamine
- Fondaparinux
- Furosemide
- Ginkgo
- Gossypol
- Heparin
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Hydrocortisone
- Hydroflumethiazide
- Iloprost
- Imipramine
- Indapamide
- Indomethacin
- Inotersen
- Ketoprofen
- Lepirudin
- Levomilnacipran
- Lithium
- Lofepramine
- Lornoxicam
- Loxoprofen
- Lumiracoxib
- Magnesium Salicylate
- Meadowsweet
- Meclofenamate
- Mefenamic Acid
- Melitracen
- Meloxicam
- Mesalamine
- Methotrexate
- Methyclothiazide
- Methylprednisolone
- Metolazone
- Milnacipran
- Morniflumate
- Nabumetone
- Nadroparin
- Naproxen
- Nefazodone
- Nepafenac
- Niflumic Acid
- Nimesulide
- Nimesulide Beta Cyclodextrin
- Nortriptyline
- Olsalazine
- Opipramol
- Oxaprozin
- Oxyphenbutazone
- Paramethasone
- Parecoxib
- Parnaparin
- Paroxetine
- Pemetrexed
- Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium
- Pentoxifylline
- Phenindione
- Phenprocoumon
- Phenylbutazone
- Phenyl Salicylate
- Piketoprofen
- Piroxicam
- Polythiazide
- Prasugrel
- Prednisolone
- Prednisone
- Proglumetacin
- Propyphenazone
- Proquazone
- Protein C
- Protriptyline
- Reboxetine
- Reviparin
- Rivaroxaban
- Rofecoxib
- Salicylamide
- Salicylic Acid
- Salsalate
- Sertraline
- Sibutramine
- Sodium Salicylate
- Spironolactone
- Sulfasalazine
- Sulindac
- Tacrolimus
- Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
- Tenoxicam
- Tianeptine
- Tiaprofenic Acid
- Ticagrelor
- Ticlopidine
- Tinzaparin
- Tirofiban
- Tolfenamic Acid
- Tolmetin
- Torsemide
- Trazodone
- Treprostinil
- Triamterene
- Trichlormethiazide
- Trimipramine
- Trolamine Salicylate
- Valdecoxib
- Venlafaxine
- Vilazodone
- Vorapaxar
- Vortioxetine
- Warfarin
- Xipamide
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
- Acebutolol
- Alacepril
- Amikacin
- Atenolol
- Azilsartan
- Azilsartan Medoxomil
- Benazepril
- Betaxolol
- Bisoprolol
- Candesartan Cilexetil
- Captopril
- Carteolol
- Carvedilol
- Celiprolol
- Enalapril
- Enalaprilat
- Eprosartan
- Esmolol
- Fosinopril
- Irbesartan
- Labetalol
- Levobunolol
- Lisinopril
- Losartan
- Metipranolol
- Metoprolol
- Moexipril
- Nadolol
- Nebivolol
- Olmesartan Medoxomil
- Oxprenolol
- Penbutolol
- Perindopril Erbumine
- Pindolol
- Practolol
- Propranolol
- Quinapril
- Ramipril
- Sotalol
- Spirapril
- Telmisartan
- Timolol
- Trandolapril
- Valsartan
How much does Ibuprofen cost?
$8.92
Ibuprofen contraindications
Contraindications are specific health conditions or situations in which a person should not take a medication due to safety concerns. If you have any of the following conditions or if any of the following apply to you, let your healthcare provider know because Ibuprofen will not be safe for you to take.
- History of asthma, hives, or other allergic reactions after taking aspirin or another NSAID
- Right before or after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), a type of open heart surgery
What are alternatives to Ibuprofen?
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