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Glucotrol vs. Afrezza

Head-to-head comparisons of medication uses, side effects, warnings, and more.

Key takeaways

Glipizide (Glucotrol XL) and Afrezza (insulin human) are both medications used to manage diabetes. However, they belong to different medication classes and have distinct mechanisms of action. Glipizide is a sulfonylurea that works by stimulating the pancreas to release more insulin, while Afrezza is an ultra rapid-acting inhaled insulin that helps control blood sugar levels after meals. Glipizide is taken orally, either once or twice daily, and is available as a lower-cost generic. In contrast, Afrezza is inhaled at the start of meals and does not have a generic version. Common side effects of glipizide include dizziness, diarrhea, and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Afrezza can also cause low blood sugar, and cough is also a common side effect. It is not recommended for people with breathing problems like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Additionally, Afrezza requires careful storage and handling, as it must be kept refrigerated until use. While both medications help manage blood sugar, their forms, dosing, and side effects differ significantly.

Glipizide

 

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Afrezza

(insulin)

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Summary for Glucotrol

Prescription only

Glipizide is a sulfonylurea medication used to treat Type 2 diabetes in adults. It lowers blood sugar levels by telling your pancreas to release more insulin. Glipizide is taken by mouth, typically once or twice daily. Some side effects of this medication include dizziness and diarrhea. Taking glipizide can also put you at risk for dangerously low blood sugar, so it's important to take this medication with meals.

Indications for Glucotrol

Pros and Cons for Glucotrol

Pros

  • Taken by mouth
  • Extended-release tablets taken once daily
  • Available as a lower-cost generic medication

Cons

  • Raises your risk for low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia)
  • Need to take with meals or 30 minutes before a meal
  • Can cause some weight gain as a side effect

Common Side Effects for Glucotrol

  • Dizziness (7%)
  • Diarrhea (5%)
  • Nervousness (4%)
  • Tremor (4%)
  • Passing gas (3%)
  • Low blood sugar levels (3%)

Note: Side effects were reported by people who took glipizide ER (Glucotrol XL) in clinical studies.

Warnings for Glucotrol

  • Low blood sugar levels
  • Risk of low red blood cell count (hemolytic anemia)
  • Possible risk of serious heart problems
  • Risk of harm in people with certain stomach problems (extended-release tablets)

Summary for Afrezza

Prescription only

Afrezza is an ultra rapid-acting inhaled insulin for adults with diabetes. It helps manage blood sugar levels from meals. You breathe in the medication through the mouth using the Afrezza inhaler usually at the start of meals. Common side effects are low blood sugar and cough. There's also a risk of bronchospasm (sudden narrowing of the airways), which can make it hard to breathe. So Afrezza (insulin) isn't for people with breathing problems like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Indications for Afrezza

Pros and Cons for Afrezza

Pros

  • A good choice for people who don't want to use injectable insulin
  • Can help people with either Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes manage blood sugar
  • Starts to work in about 12 minutes and lasts between 1.5 and 3 hours, depending on your dose

Cons

  • Might need to use more than one cartridge of insulin for your dose (if you need more than 12 units of insulin)
  • Not for people who smoke or for people with breathing problems (e.g., asthma, COPD)
  • Not approved for children

Common Side Effects for Afrezza

Warnings for Afrezza

  • Breathing problems
  • Low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia)
  • Changes in blood sugar levels with changes to your insulin routine
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis
  • Low potassium levels
  • Swelling from fluid buildup and risk of heart failure when taken with certain diabetes medications

Prices with our coupons for Glucotrol vs. Afrezza

Price Card Drug Icon
Glipizide90 tablets / 10mg
$12.91$12.91
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Afrezza1 titration pack / 180 cartridges of 4 units, 8 units, and 12 units
$1,878.26-
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