Key takeaways
Mefloquine (generic name: mefloquine) and Hydroxychloroquine (generic name: hydroxychloroquine) are both antimalarial medications, but they have different uses and side effects. Mefloquine is primarily used to prevent and treat malaria caused by *Plasmodium falciparum* and *Plasmodium vivax*, and it is taken once a week for prevention or as a single dose for treatment. Hydroxychloroquine, also known by the brand name Plaquenil, is used not only for malaria but also for rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. It is typically taken once or twice a day. Mefloquine is not suitable for people with a history of mood disorders or seizures, while hydroxychloroquine can cause serious heart rhythm problems and needs to be taken with food or milk. Both medications have generic forms available, making them more affordable. Hydroxychloroquine can be used in children for malaria but not for lupus, whereas mefloquine can be used in children weighing more than 20 kg but is a last-choice option due to potential mood changes.
