Key takeaways
Clonidine (Catapres, Nexiclon XR) and Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) are both used to treat high blood pressure, but they work in different ways and belong to different drug classes. Clonidine is an alpha agonist that works in the brain to lower stress hormones, slowing your heart rate and relaxing blood vessels. It comes in oral and topical forms and is not a first-choice treatment due to risks like rebound hypertension and falls in older adults. Hydrochlorothiazide, on the other hand, is a thiazide diuretic (water pill) that helps you urinate more to remove extra fluid and certain electrolytes, lowering blood pressure and reducing swelling. It is typically taken once daily and is available as a lower-cost generic. Clonidine can cause side effects like dry mouth and drowsiness, while Hydrochlorothiazide can lead to dizziness and increased urination. Additionally, Hydrochlorothiazide can affect electrolyte balance and may cause gout, whereas Clonidine can cause dangerously high blood pressure if stopped suddenly.
