Zolmitriptan (Zomig) is used for the short-term treatment of migraines. You typically take just one dose when you have a migraine. Zolmitriptan (Zomig) can cause side effects like dizziness and chest, neck, or jaw pain. This medication is a tablet that you swallow. It also comes as an orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) and a nasal spray, which can be good options for people who have trouble swallowing pills during a migraine. Zolmitriptan (Zomig) is available by prescription only as a brand-name and generic medication; it's not found over the counter.
Treatment of migraine
Zolmitriptan (Zomig) is a triptan. It works by attaching to certain serotonin receptors (proteins) in your brain and nervous system. These proteins react to serotonin, which is a natural chemical in your body that might play a role in migraines.
When zolmitriptan (Zomig) attaches to these receptors, it's thought to help lower blood vessel swelling in the brain. It's also thought to help stop the release of pain signals through your nerves. This helps relieve migraine pain.
Source: DailyMed
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
More common
Chest pain (severe)
heaviness, tightness, or pressure in the chest or neck
sensation of burning, warmth, heat, numbness, tightness, or tingling
Less common or rare
Abdominal or stomach pain (severe)
changes in facial skin color
cough or hoarseness
fast or irregular heartbeat
fever or chills
loss of appetite
lower back or side pain
painful or difficult urination
puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, or lips
tightness in the chest
trouble breathing
weakness
Rare
Blurred vision
confusion
difficulty swallowing
dizziness
fainting
frequent strong or increased urge to urinate
headache
increased volume of pale, dilute urine
nervousness
pounding in the ears
severe numbness, especially on one side of the face or body
slow heartbeat
unusual tiredness or weakness
Incidence not known
Large, hive-like swelling on the face, eyelids, lips, tongue, throat, hands, legs, feet, or sex organs
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Less common
Dizziness or lightheadedness
feeling of constant movement of self or surroundings
sensation of spinning
Rare
crying
depersonalization
dysphoria
euphoria
hyperventilation
irritability
loss of memory
paranoia
problems with memory
quick to react or overreact emotionally
rapidly changing moods
redness of the skin
seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there
shaking
trouble sleeping
welts
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
One of the first-choice options for adults to treat moderate or severe migraine
Works within 2 hours after taking the dose
Has ODT and nasal spray forms, so it's a good option for people who have trouble swallowing pills during a migraine
Not used for other types of headaches
Doesn't prevent migraines from happening
Can worsen your headaches if you take the medication for more than 9 days in a month
Take zolmitriptan (Zomig) at the first sign of a migraine. Zolmitriptan (Zomig) doesn't prevent migraine attacks from happening.
If your migraine doesn't go away or comes back, you can consider taking a second dose of zolmitriptan (Zomig) if it’s been at least 2 hours since your first dose. Taking another dose sooner than 2 hours from your previous dose might cause more side effects. Don't take more than 10 mg in a 24-hour period.
Write down when you have headaches and how often you take zolmitriptan (Zomig). This helps you keep track of how often you need to use zolmitriptan (Zomig) so you can avoid rebound headaches from happening. Taking migraine medications for more than 9 days out of a month can lead to rebound (medication-overuse) headaches.
You might feel tightness, pain, or pressure in your chest, throat, neck, or jaw when you take zolmitriptan (Zomig). These effects can be similar to those related to heart problems. Talk to your healthcare provider if you experience these side effects and are concerned about them.
Zolmitriptan (Zomig) can make you feel sleepy or dizzy. Don't drive or do anything that requires concentration until you know how the medication affects you.
If you finish your entire month's supply of zolmitriptan (Zomig) before it's time for your next refill or if you have more than three or four migraines in a month, talk to your healthcare provider. We don't know if zolmitriptan (Zomig) works well or if it's safe to use if you have more than three or four migraines in a month. Your provider might have other recommendations to help with your migraines.
For the zolmitriptan orally disintegrating tablets (Zomig ZMT)
When you're ready to take zolmitriptan (Zomig ZMT), remove the orally disintegrating tablet from the blister pack by peeling open the packaging. Don't push the tablet through the foil so you don't break the tablet.
Place the zolmitriptan (Zomig ZMT) tablet on your tongue, let it dissolve, and then swallow once it has completely dissolved. You don't need to take the tablet with water since it'll dissolve on your tongue.
For the zolmitriptan nasal spray (Zomig)
Each nasal spray bottle only contains one dose of zolmitriptan (Zomig). Don't prime the bottle or press down on the plunger before you're ready to take the dose. Otherwise, you'll lose the dose from the spray bottle.
It's important to read the instructions for use before you use the zolmitriptan nasal spray (Zomig) to make sure you use it properly. After blowing your nose to clear it, close one nostril with your finger, and gently breathe out through your mouth. Place the sprayer tip into the other nostril as far as you comfortably can. Tilt your head back a little. Then, as you press down on the plunger to administer the dose, breathe in gently through your nose. Remove the sprayer tip from your nostril, and breathe in gently through your mouth for 5 to 10 seconds.
It's normal to feel liquid in your nose or the back of your throat after spraying the medication into your nose. You might also have an unusual taste in your mouth after you use the nasal spray.
Zolmitriptan (Zomig) can cause some serious health issues. This risk may be even higher for certain groups. If this worries you, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about other options.
Risk factors: Personal or strong family history of heart disease | Diabetes (high blood sugar) | High blood pressure | Older age | Smoking | Obesity
Very rarely, some people have had heart attacks within a few hours after taking zolmitriptan (Zomig). Heart attacks and chest pain (angina) during zolmitriptan (Zomig) treatment can happen even in people who don't have heart disease. If you’re at high risk for heart disease and have never taken a triptan before, your provider will make sure your heart is healthy before you start zolmitriptan (Zomig). Depending on your medical history, you might be asked to take your first dose at a provider's office so they can check to make sure your heart is okay. Your provider might also follow up with you periodically while you're using zolmitriptan (Zomig) to check your heart. If you experience chest pain, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, arm pain, or a cold sweat, get medical help right away. These can be symptoms of a heart attack.
Risk factors: History of arrhythmias
Some people taking triptans like zolmitriptan (Zomig) have had life-threatening changes to their heart rhythm. In reported cases, this happened within a few hours after taking the medication. Don't use zolmitriptan (Zomig) if you have conditions that cause an irregular heart rhythm. If you feel your heart racing after you take zolmitriptan (Zomig), stop taking the medication and let your healthcare provider know right away.
Risk factors: History of strokes
Some people who've taken triptans like zolmitriptan (Zomig) have experienced life-threatening strokes or bleeding in the brain. Symptoms of a stroke include sudden weakness on one side of the body, bad headaches, drooping face, trouble breathing, or changes in your speech or vision. These symptoms can be similar to migraine symptoms, so strokes can be mistaken for a migraine. It's important that you're properly diagnosed with migraines before you start zolmitriptan (Zomig). It might help lower the risk of making this mistake. If you notice symptoms of a stroke, stop taking zolmitriptan (Zomig) and get medical help as soon as possible, especially if you haven't had a migraine before.
Zolmitriptan (Zomig) can cause the blood vessels in your body to spasm. This might prevent certain parts of your body from getting enough blood. For example, when the digestive system doesn't get enough blood, you might have stomach issues, like stomach pain or bloody diarrhea. Another blood circulation problem that might happen is Raynaud's syndrome. A common symptom of this condition is a tingling feeling or change in color in your fingers and toes caused by cold temperatures or emotional stress. Very rarely, blood vessel spasms might cause partial or complete vision loss. If you experience any of these symptoms, don't take another dose of zolmitriptan (Zomig) before speaking with your provider.
Risk factors: Taking other medications that raise serotonin levels
Triptans like zolmitriptan (Zomig) can raise the serotonin levels in your body. Although rare, this can cause serotonin syndrome, which is a potentially life-threatening condition that's caused by high serotonin levels in the body. The risk is higher if you’re also taking other medications that raise serotonin levels, such as certain antidepressants. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can include a racing heart, high fever, sudden changes in thought or mood, movement problems, and hallucinations. These symptoms can appear within minutes to hours of starting a new or higher dose of a triptan or other serotonin-raising medication. Stop taking zolmitriptan (Zomig) if you notice these symptoms and talk to your provider.
Zolmitriptan (Zomig) can raise your blood pressure. Check your blood pressure regularly while you're taking the medication. Though rare, some cases of high blood pressure have led to serious problems. Typically, you won't feel any symptoms if your blood pressure is high. But if it's dangerously high, you might have headache, trouble breathing, chest pain, changes in vision, and confusion. If you experience any of these symptoms, get medical help right away. Don’t take zolmitriptan (Zomig) if you have uncontrolled high blood pressure.
The orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) of zolmitriptan (Zomig ZMT) contain phenylalanine, a component of the artificial sweetener aspartame. If you have a genetic condition called phenylketonuria (PKU), taking the ODT form of zolmitriptan can be dangerous for you. Make sure to tell your provider and pharmacist about your full medical history before taking zolmitriptan (Zomig). Ask your pharmacist if you're not sure whether the form of zolmitriptan (Zomig) that you're prescribed is safe for you. There are other forms of the medication that might be safer for you.
Take zolmitriptan (Zomig) as a single dose at the first sign of a migraine. If the headache doesn't go away or it comes back, you can consider taking another dose 2 hours after your previous dose. The maximum single dose is 5 mg. Don't take more than 10 mg in a 24-hour period.
Tablets (Zomig brand and generics)
Adults only: The typical starting dose is 1.25 mg or 2.5 mg by mouth once for migraine pain.
Orally disintegrating tablets (Zomig ZMT brand and generics)
Adults only: The typical starting dose is 1.25 mg or 2.5 mg placed on the tongue once for migraine pain.
Nasal spray (Zomig brand and generics)
Adults and children 12 years or older: The typical starting dose is 2.5 mg sprayed into one nostril once for migraine pain.
If you have liver problems, your dose might differ. Certain forms of zolmitriptan (Zomig) might not be recommended if you have moderate or severe liver problems.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
History of heart disease (including chest pain or heart attack)
Conditions that cause spasms in the heart blood vessels
Conditions that cause an irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmias)
History of stroke or "mini-stroke"
History of migraines with double vision, dizziness, and movement problems or migraines with weakness on one side of the body
Conditions affecting the blood vessels or blood supply to your body (like peripheral artery disease or ischemic bowel disease)
Uncontrolled high blood pressure
Have taken another triptan, ergotamine-containing medication, or ergot-type medication within the past 24 hours
Take monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A inhibitors (e.g., phenelzine (Nardil), tranylcypromine (Parnate)) currently or within the past 2 weeks
Treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura in adults
Treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura in people ages 6 years and older
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