Key takeaways
Emtriva (emtricitabine) and Sustiva (efavirenz) are both antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV, but they belong to different classes. Emtriva is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), while Sustiva is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Emtriva is taken once daily and is available as a capsule or oral solution, whereas Sustiva is taken once daily at bedtime on an empty stomach and is available as tablets and capsules. Emtriva is must be used in combination with other HIV medications for both treatment and prevention, but only in combination forms is it approved for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Sustiva must be used with other HIV medications for treatment of HIV and is not typically used for PrEP and is not recommended during pregnancy due to the risk of birth defects. Common side effects of Emtriva include nausea and fatigue, while Sustiva can cause dizziness, rash, and mood changes. Sustiva also has more drug interactions and requires careful monitoring of other medications you may be taking. Both medications require regular lab tests to ensure they are working effectively and safely.
