Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic medication that has many different uses. It's usually given as an oral medication, but in severe cases it can be given as an injection by your provider.
Management of psychotic disorders
Schizophrenia
Nausea and vomiting
Restlessness and anxiety before surgery
Tetanus
Manic episodes of bipolar disorder
Hiccups that won't go away
Severe behavioral issues in children 1 to 12 years old (e.g., aggressive behavior, frustration, explosive or hyperexcitable behavior)
Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic medication. It works by controlling dopamine activity in your brain, which affects your thoughts and mood. It also helps relax you and lowers nausea and vomiting.
Source:Â DailyMed
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Phenothiazines can sometimes cause serious unwanted effects. Tardive dyskinesia or tardive dystonia (muscle movement disorders) may occur and may not go away after you stop using the medicine. Signs of tardive dyskinesia or tardive dystonia include worm-like movements of the tongue, or other uncontrolled movements of the mouth, tongue, cheeks, jaw, body, arms, or legs. Another possible serious unwanted effect is the neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Signs and symptoms of NMS include severe muscle stiffness, fever, fast heartbeat, difficult breathing, increased sweating, and loss of bladder control. You and your doctor should discuss the good this medicine will do as well as the risks of taking it.
Stop taking this medicine and get emergency help immediately if any of the following effects occur:
Rare
Symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Confusion (severe) or coma
difficult or fast breathing
fast heartbeat
high or low (irregular) blood pressure
increased sweating
loss of bladder control
muscle stiffness (severe)
trembling or shaking
trouble in speaking or swallowing
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
More common
Inability to move eyes
increased blinking or spasms of eyelid
lip smacking or puckering
muscle spasms of face, neck, body, arms, or legs causing unusual postures or unusual expressions on face
puffing of cheeks
rapid or worm-like movements of tongue
sticking out of tongue
tic-like or twitching movements
trouble in breathing, speaking, or swallowing
uncontrolled chewing movements
uncontrolled movements of arms or legs
uncontrolled twisting movements of neck, trunk, arms, or leg
Rare
Irregular or slow heart rate
recurrent fainting
Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:
More common
Blurred vision, change in color vision, or difficulty in seeing at night
fainting
loss of balance control
mask-like face
restlessness or need to keep moving
shuffling walk
stiffness of arms or legs
trembling and shaking of hands and fingers
Less common
Difficulty in urinating
skin rash
sunburn (severe)
Rare
Abdominal or stomach pains
aching muscles and joints
agitation, bizarre dreams, excitement, or trouble in sleeping
bleeding or bruising (unusual
clumsiness
confusion (mild)
constipation (severe)
convulsions (seizures)
dark urine
fever and chills
headaches
hot, dry skin or lack of sweating
itchy skin (severe)
muscle weakness
pain in joints
prolonged, painful, inappropriate erection of the penis
redness of hands
shivering
skin discoloration (tan or blue-gray)
sore throat and fever
sores in mouth
unusual bleeding or bruising
unusual tiredness or weakness
yellow eyes or skin
Phenothiazines may cause your urine to be dark. In most cases, this is not a sign of a serious problem. However, if your urine does become dark, discuss it with your doctor.
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Less common
Changes in menstrual period
decreased sexual ability
increased sensitivity of eyes to light
rough or “fuzzy” tongue
secretion of milk (unusual)
swelling or pain in breasts
watering of mouth
weight gain (unusual)
After you stop using this medicine, your body may need time to adjust. The length of time this takes depends on the amount of medicine you were using and how long you used it. During this time, check with your doctor if you notice dizziness, nausea and vomiting, stomach pain, trembling of the fingers and hands, or any of the following signs of tardive dyskinesia or tardive dystonia:
Inability to move eyes
lip smacking or puckering
muscle spasms of face, neck, body, arms, or legs, causing unusual body positions or unusual expressions on face
puffing of cheeks
rapid or worm-like movements of tongue
sticking out of tongue
tic-like or twitching movements
trouble in breathing, speaking, or swallowing
uncontrolled chewing movements
uncontrolled twisting or other movements of neck, trunk, arms, or legs
Although not all of the side effects listed above have been reported for all of the phenothiazines, they have been reported for at least one of them. However, since all of the phenothiazines are very similar, any of the above side effects may occur with any of these medicines.
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Available as a tablet and injection
Dose can be easily adjusted based on how you respond to the medication
Can be used in young children 6 months and older
Available in 5 different strengths
Available as a lower-cost generic
Higher risk of death when used in older adults with dementia-related psychosis
Generally not recommended for use in pregnancy
Can cause withdrawal symptoms if stopped suddenly
Needs to be taken multiple times a day
Can cause weight gain and tiredness
Take chlorpromazine exactly as directed by your provider. Your dose might change over time, especially in the beginning as your provider finds the right dose for your needs.
Drowsiness is a common side effect during the first two weeks. After that, it typically goes away on its own. Don't drive or do anything that requires you to focus until you know how this medication affects you.
Don't stop taking chlorpromazine unless directed by your provider. Suddenly stopping the medication after taking high doses for a long time can lead to unpleasant effects. Your provider might want you to lower your dose slowly over time.
Antipsychotic medications like chlorpromazine can cause movement problems and other conditions when used for a long period of time. Have regular follow up visits with your provider so they can monitor for side effects.
Chlorpromazine can cause some serious health issues. This risk may be even higher for certain groups. If this worries you, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about other options.
Risk factors: Age 65 and older with dementia and psychosis
People over the age of 65 who also have dementia sometimes have some of the symptoms of schizophrenia, like hallucinations and delusions. This is called dementia-related psychosis, and it should not be treated with chlorpromazine. If chlorpromazine is used for dementia-related psychosis, it can cause death. Let your provider know if you or your loved one has dementia before starting chlorpromazine.
Risk factors: Age 65 and older | Females aged 65 and older | Taking chlorpromazine for a long time | Taking high doses
Antipsychotic medications like chlorpromazine can cause a movement condition called tardive dyskinesia (TD). Common symptoms of TD include uncontrollable facial movements such as blinking or sticking out your tongue. It happens more often to older adults, especially older women, but can happen to anyone. Let your provider know if this starts to happen to you or a loved one if you're a caregiver. Sometimes TD will go away if chlorpromazine is stopped or the dose is lowered.
Chlorpromazine can cause a rare but life-threatening condition called neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Symptoms include high fever, fast heart rate, full body stiffness, and confusion. Get medical attention right away if you notice any of these symptoms. Your healthcare provider will likely find you another medication that will work better for you.
Risk factors: History of low white blood cell counts
Chlorpromazine can lower the number of white blood cells you have. White blood cells help your body to fight off infections and diseases. If you notice a fever or that you're getting sick more easily, let your provider know right away because they might have you stop taking this medication. Talk to your provider if you think you're getting sick more often.
Chlorpromazine can cause prolactin hormone levels in your blood to go up. High prolactin levels can lead to a milky substances being released from the nipple, enlarged breasts, sexual dysfunction, absent or irregular menstrual periods, and weak bones. Your provider might do regular blood tests to make sure that your prolactin levels are in a healthy range.
The dose varies depending on the condition you're taking chlorpromazine for. In general, the typical dose ranges from 10 mg to 50 mg by mouth two to four times a day. If you're taking chlorpromazine for restlessness and anxiety before surgery, the typical dose is 25 mg to 50 mg by mouth once, 2 to 3 hours before your procedure.
Chlorpromazine is also available as an intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) injection that is administered by a healthcare professional.
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking any of these medicines, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using medicines in this class with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with a medication in this class or change some of the other medicines you take.
Using medicines in this class with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Phenothiazine allergy
Taking large doses of sedatives or medications that cloud your thinking (e.g., alcohol, barbiturates, narcotics)
Coma
Management of psychotic disorders
Schizophrenia
Nausea and vomiting
Restlessness and anxiety before surgery
Tetanus
Manic episodes of bipolar disorder
Hiccups that won't go away
Severe behavioral issues in children 1 to 12 years old (e.g., aggressive behavior, frustration, explosive or hyperexcitable behavior)
Psychotic and behavioral disorders
Tourette syndrome in adults and children
Hyperactivity in children
Schizophrenia in adults and children age 13 years and older
Bipolar disorder in adults and children age 10 years and older
Add-on to antidepressants for depression (extended-release only)
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