Ceftriaxone is one of the most commonly used antibiotics because of its low risk for side effects and its ability to treat several types of bacterial infections. Ceftriaxone is an injection given either into the veins or into the muscle, so it's used most often in the hospital or a clinic setting (e.g., nursing home, provider's office). But it can also be used at home in certain situations. The dosage depends on the type and severity of your infection, but it's usually given once per day. If you have a penicillin allergy, you might still be able to receive ceftriaxone depending on your reaction to penicillin.
Lower respiratory tract infections (e.g., pneumonia, bronchitis)
Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Skin infections (e.g., cellulitis)
Bloodstream infections
Preventing infection from surgery
Ceftriaxone is a cephalosporin antibiotic. It kills bacteria by preventing them from making a covering around themselves for protection.
Source: DailyMed
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
More common
Black, tarry stools
chills
painful or difficult urination
shortness of breath
sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth
swollen glands
unusual bleeding or bruising
unusual tiredness or weakness
Less common
Rare
Abdominal or stomach cramps or tenderness
back, leg, or stomach pains
bleeding gums
blood in the urine or stools
bloody nose
bluish color
changes in skin color
clay-colored stools
convulsions
cough or hoarseness
dark urine
diarrhea, watery and severe, which may also be bloody
difficulty with breathing
difficulty with swallowing
dizziness
fast, irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse
feeling of discomfort
feeling of warmth
fever with or without chills
general body swelling
general feeling of tiredness or weakness
headache
increased sweating
increased thirst
inflammation of the joints
loss of appetite
lower back or side pain
muscle aches
nausea or vomiting
noisy breathing
nosebleeds
pale skin
pinpoint red spots on the skin
puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue
rash
redness of the face, neck, arms, and occasionally, upper chest
shortness of breath
skin rash
swelling of the foot or leg
swollen lymph glands
tenderness
tightness in the chest
troubled breathing with exertion
unpleasant breath odor
unusual weight loss
vomiting of blood
watery or bloody diarrhea
yellowing of the eyes or skin
Incidence not known
Blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin
coughing up blood
decrease in the amount of urine
excessive muscle tone
increased menstrual flow or vaginal bleeding
muscle stiffness, tension, or tightness
nosebleeds
paralysis
prolonged bleeding from cuts
red irritated eyes
red or black, tarry stools
red or dark brown urine
red skin lesions, often with a purple center
restlessness
skin rash with a general disease
swelling
trouble sitting still
unpleasant breath odor
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Rare
Acid or sour stomach
belching
bloated
change in taste
dizziness
excess air or gas in the stomach or intestines
full feeling
headache
indigestion
itching of the vagina or genital area
loss of taste
pain during sexual intercourse
passing gas
stomach discomfort, upset, or pain
thick, white vaginal discharge with no odor or with a mild odor
Incidence not known
Hives or welts
redness, swelling, or soreness of the tongue
swelling or inflammation of the mouth
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Can treat many different types of infections
Can use in people with kidney problems
Can use in children
Typically given once per day
Must be given by an injection into the veins or into the muscle
Sometimes requires twice-daily dosing for more severe infections
Not a good choice for treating infections caused by resistant bacteria
Might not be the best choice if you've had an allergic reaction to penicillins or other cephalosporin antibiotics
Ceftriaxone can cause diarrhea. It typically goes away when you stop taking the antibiotic. But call your provider as soon as possible if you start having watery or bloody diarrhea, fever, fatigue, or stomach cramps anytime during treatment or after stopping ceftriaxone. These can be signs of infectious diarrhea that can be serious and needs to be treated right away.
Get medical help right away if you or your loved ones notice any changes in your behavior, such as confusion, hallucinations (seeing things that aren't real), and trouble speaking. These could be signs of nervous system side effects from ceftriaxone.
Contact your provider if you develop other symptoms of an illness or if your symptoms become worse. Ceftriaxone can only treat infections caused by bacteria, so it won't help if you have an infection caused by a virus or fungus. If needed, your provider can prescribe a different medication for you that helps fight viral or fungal infections.
Tips for using ceftriaxone at home (if instructed by your provider)
If you need treatment with ceftriaxone for a long time, it's possible that your provider might let you take the medication at home. If so, make sure to follow your provider's instructions carefully so you use ceftriaxone properly and safely. Your provider might instruct you to use vials of the medication that need to be mixed and prepared or premixed bags that are ready to use.
If you're using ceftriaxone at home for long-term treatment, make sure to set a reminder for your doses. It's important to get all of your doses of ceftriaxone and finish your treatment course, even if you feel better. Otherwise, your infection might get worse or become harder to treat.
Mark your scheduled provider visits and blood work appointments on your calendar. This will help your provider make sure that ceftriaxone is treating your infection and that it's as safe as possible for you.
Ceftriaxone can cause some serious health issues. This risk may be even higher for certain groups. If this worries you, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about other options.
Risk factors: Allergy to penicillins or other cephalosporin antibiotics
Allergic reactions to ceftriaxone are possible. These can include life-threatening reactions like facial swelling, shock, and anaphylaxis (closing of the throat). Let your provider know if you have an allergy to antibiotics. If you notice hives, rash, red skin, swelling of the lips or tongue, or difficulty breathing after treatment with ceftriaxone, get medical attention right away.
Ceftriaxone shouldn't be given through the same IV line as a calcium-containing medication. These medications can include calcium gluconate injection, calcium chloride injection, and IV nutrition or total parenteral nutrition (TPN) containing calcium. When you mix ceftriaxone and calcium-containing medications together, precipitates (small rock-like deposits) can form. These precipitates can travel through the body to the gallbladder or kidney and cause symptoms similar to gallstones or kidney stones. If it isn't possible to give ceftriaxone through another IV line, follow your provider's instructions carefully to flush (rinse) the line well before injecting ceftriaxone.
Risk factors: Not adjusting the ceftriaxone dose in people with kidney problems
Although rare, some people treated with ceftriaxone reported serious nervous system side effects. Some reported hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't real), seizures, sudden and brief involuntary movements or twitching, and confusion. Although these side effects can happen to anyone, people with kidney problems are at higher risk, especially if their ceftriaxone dose isn't appropriately adjusted. Call 911 or call the nurse if you or your loved ones notice any of these side effects. They usually go away after stopping the medication.
Antibiotics, including ceftriaxone, raise your risk of getting infected with a bacteria called Clostridioides difficile (C. diff). This infection can cause diarrhea that can sometimes be life-threatening. Antibiotics change the amount of normal bacteria in your stomach and intestines. This can cause C. diff to overgrow in your gut and lead to an infection. This type of infectious diarrhea is different from the diarrhea you might have as a possible side effect of ceftriaxone. C. diff-related diarrhea can cause rapid heart rate, foul-smelling diarrhea, fever, nausea, bloody stools, or frequent bowel movements (even up to 15 times per day). This type of diarrhea is a medical emergency, so call for help as soon as possible if you experience any of these symptoms. You'll get tested for C. diff infection and receive treatment, if needed.
Some people who were treated with ceftriaxone developed hemolytic anemia. This condition causes red blood cells to break down faster than they can be made, so the overall red blood cell count will be low. Contact your provider if you notice pale skin, feeling very tired or weak, have a fast heart rate, or have trouble breathing.
Your provider will monitor your treatment with ceftriaxone to make sure you're taking the antibiotic for the appropriate infection and amount of time. Using ceftriaxone for any shorter or longer periods of time or taking the antibiotic for other illnesses can raise your risk for developing infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria. This raises your risk for severe and life-threatening infections that might be difficult to treat.
Ceftriaxone is given as an injection into the veins or into the muscle, usually by a provider in a healthcare setting (e.g., hospital, office, nursing home).
The dose and length of treatment depends on what type of infection you have and how serious it is. Your provider will determine the right dose and length of treatment for you. For most infections, the general dosage is as follows:
Adults
Most infections: The typical dose is 1 to 2 grams per day for 4 to 14 days.
Gonorrhea: The recommended dose is 250 mg injected into the muscle for one time.
Preventing infections before surgery: The typical dose is 1 gram injected into the vein once, 30 minutes to 2 hours before surgery.
The maximum dose is 2 or 4 grams per day, depending on your age and liver and kidney function.
Children
Most infections: The dose depends on your child's weight. The typical dose is 50 mg/kg to 75 mg/kg of body weight per day for 7 to 14 days. This dose is given once per day or split into two equal doses in the day. The maximum dose is 100 mg/kg (up to 4 grams) per day.
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are receiving this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Severe allergy to ceftriaxone or another cephalosporin antibiotic, penicillins, or other beta-lactam antibiotics
Premature newborns
Lower respiratory tract infections (e.g., pneumonia, bronchitis)
Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Skin infections (e.g., cellulitis)
Bloodstream infections
Preventing infection from surgery
Urinary tract infections
Ear infections (otitis media)
Throat and tonsil infections (strep throat, tonsillitis)
Bronchitis with bacterial infection
Gonorrhea
Lung infection related to long-term bronchitis
Skin infection
UTI
Skin infection
Bone and joint infection
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