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Phenobarbital Coupon - Phenobarbital 64.8mg tablet

phenobarbital

Generic Luminal
Used for Sedation, Epilepsy
Used for Sedation, Epilepsy

Phenobarbital is an anticonvulsant that vets prescribe off-label to treat seizures and epilepsy in dogs and in cats. It’s usually given twice a day, but the specific dosage depends on your pet’s weight. Phenobarbital commonly comes as tablets. But it can also be made into a liquid, oral paste, chewable treat, or topical gel to make it easier for your pet to take. The injectable form is mainly used by vets. Common side effects are sleepiness, hunger, thirst, and more frequent urination. Phenobarbital is a controlled substance that can be habit-forming for pets with long-term use.

Reviewed by:
reviewer
Elizabeth Carman, PharmD, FSVHP
reviewer
Cydnee Ng, PharmD
Last reviewed on March 18, 2025
BasicsWarningsSide effectsPros & consPharmacist tipsFAQsDosageInteractionsCostContraindicationsAlternativesImagesReferencesPricesMedicare
Phenobarbital is a controlled substance, which means that it's more likely to be misused or cause dependence. There are federal and state laws that limit the amount of medication that can be prescribed or dispensed within a certain period of time.
Paws

For pets

Phenobarbital can be prescribed or used off-label by a licensed veterinarian for pets. Medications prescribed for pets aren't intended for human use.

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basics-icon

What is Phenobarbital for pets?

What is Phenobarbital for pets used for?

How Phenobarbital for pets works

Phenobarbital is a type of anticonvulsant called a barbiturate. It works by calming down the electrical activity in your pet’s brain. This helps prevent seizures from happening.

Are you looking for information on phenobarbital tablets-CA1 or pentobarbital instead?

Drug Facts

Common BrandsLuminal (brand name no longer available)
Drug ClassBarbiturate
Controlled Substance ClassificationSchedule IV
Generic StatusLower-cost generic available
AvailabilityPrescription only

More on Phenobarbital essentials

Dog: woman petting dog laying on bed 1606901751

Phenobarbital for Dogs With Seizures: What to Know

Written by Janan Sarwar, PharmD
Cat: cat taking medicine 2158623212

Phenobarbital for Cats: A First-Choice Treatment for Managing Epilepsy and Seizures

Written by Rhiannon Koehler, DVM, MPH
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What are the risks and warnings for Phenobarbital for pets?

Phenobarbital can cause some serious health issues. This risk might be even higher for certain pets. If this worries you, talk to your veterinarian about other options.

risk-warning

Liver damage

  • Risk factors: Dogs | High doses of phenobarbital | Pets taking phenobarbital for a long time | Pets taking other medications that can harm the liver

    Although rare, phenobarbital can damage the liver, which can sometimes be life-threatening. This happens if the levels in your pet’s body get too high. It can also happen if your pet takes it for a long time or is taking other medications that can harm the liver. Studies suggest that liver damage might happen more often in dogs than in cats. Because of this risk, phenobarbital isn’t recommended for pets with liver problems.

    To lower the risk of liver damage, the vet will collect blood samples from your pet at least every 6 months. These blood samples help the vet check how safe the medication is for your pet’s liver.

    Watch for signs like a swollen belly, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and yellowing of the eyes or gums. Call a vet right away if you notice these symptoms in your pet. They could be signs of liver damage.

    risk-warning

    Low blood cell counts

    It’s not common, but phenobarbital can sometimes cause low blood cell counts in dogs. It can also happen in cats. This can mean that your pet’s red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts, or platelet levels are low. Some cases can be mild, but others can also be more serious and life-threatening.

    Your vet will draw your pet’s blood during check-ups to monitor blood cell counts. This helps make sure that phenobarbital is safe for your pet. Let your vet know if your pet has signs of low blood cell counts, like low energy, a loss of appetite, vomiting, or fever.

    risk-warning

    Skin reaction

    • Risk factors: Taking phenobarbital for a long time | Small-breed dogs | Age greater than 10 years | Liver problems | Diabetes | Hypothyroidism

      Pets taking phenobarbital are at risk for a rare but very serious skin reaction called superficial necrolytic dermatitis (SND). This might be more likely to happen in dogs that take the medication for a long time. The risk might also be higher for dogs with liver problems and older small-breed dogs.

      SND usually causes painful, itchy sores or wounds on the feet. These sores can also spread to the mouth, ears, and genitals. It can also cause trouble walking, sleepiness, loss of appetite, more thirst, and frequent urination. Tell your vet if your pet has any signs of SND during treatment.

      risk-warning

      Drug interactions

      Phenobarbital can interact with many other medications. They can include other anticonvulsants, certain antibiotics, and antihistamines like diphenhydramine (Benadryl), among others. For dogs, another medication that can interact with phenobarbital is carprofen (Rimadyl). Drug interactions can be harmful to your pet.

      To keep your pet safe, talk to your vet before giving your pet any new or over-the-counter medications. They can check if the medication is safe to with phenobarbital. They can also explain the risks and benefits of taking them together. Your vet can guide you on the best way to manage your pet’s medications.

      risk-warning

      Slowed breathing

      • Risk factors: Lung problems | Taking other medications that slow breathing down

        Phenobarbital can cause slow, shallow, or difficulty breathing in dogs and cats. This can be dangerous for pets that already have breathing problems or take other sedatives. Talk to your vet to make sure phenobarbital is safe for your pet. Get immediate care if you notice your pet is having trouble breathing or breathing very slowly.

        risk-warning

        Withdrawal seizures

        • Risk factors: Stopping phenobarbital too suddenly

          If you suddenly lower the dose or stop giving phenobarbital, your pet can have seizures again, especially if they’ve been taking the medication for a long time. Talk to your vet before you lower the dose or stop giving phenobarbital to your pet to make sure it’s safe. The vet might slowly lower the dose over time to see how your pet reacts to the change. Be aware of when you need to get refills so your pet doesn’t run out of medication.

          basics-icon

          What are the side effects of Phenobarbital for pets?

          The following side effects might get better over time as your pet gets used to the medication. Let your veterinarian know immediately if your pet continues to experience these symptoms or if they worsen over time.

          Common Side Effects

          • Sleepiness
          • Low energy
          • Agitation
          • Anxiety, nervousness, or restlessness (e.g., pacing, panting, whining)
          • Very excited
          • Eating more
          • Drinking more water than usual
          • Urinating more often than usual

          Other Side Effects

          Serious Side Effects

          Contact your veterinarian immediately if your pet experiences any of the following.
          • Liver damage: yellowing in the eyes or gums (jaundice), severe vomiting, loss of appetite
          • Low blood cell counts: bleeding, infection, pale or white gums
          • Phenobarbital levels that are too high: extreme sleepiness, slow or shallow breathing, problems walking or stumbling, weakness, low body temperature, unconsciousness
          • Slow or labored breathing
          • Skin reaction: painful, itchy sores or wounds on the skin

          The following side effects have also been reported

          Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

          Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

          Rare

          Confusion (especially in the elderly)

          dizziness, lightheadedness that continues, or fainting

          eye pain

          skin rash or hives

          Incidence not known

          Cough

          difficulty with swallowing

          fast irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse

          fever

          hives or welts

          hoarseness

          irritation

          itching skin

          joint pain, stiffness, or swelling

          puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue

          redness of the skin

          shortness of breath

          skin rash

          tightness in the chest

          trouble with breathing

          wheezing

          Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

          More common

          Constipation

          decreased sweating

          dryness of the mouth, nose, throat, or skin

          Less common or rare

          Bloated feeling

          blurred vision

          difficult urination

          difficulty with swallowing

          drowsiness

          false sense of well-being

          headache

          increased sensitivity of eyes to light

          loss of memory

          nausea or vomiting

          redness or other signs of irritation at the place of injection

          trouble with sleeping

          unusual tiredness or weakness

          Incidence not known

          Decreased interest in sexual intercourse

          inability to have or keep an erection

          loss in sexual ability, desire, drive, or performance

          loss of taste

          For patients using scopolamine:

          After you stop using scopolamine, your body may need time to adjust. The length of time this takes depends on the amount of scopolamine you were using and how long you used it. During this period of time check with your doctor if you notice any of the following side effects:

          Anxiety

          irritability

          nightmares

          pupil of one eye is larger (patch only)

          sensitivity of eyes to light (patch only)

          trouble in sleeping

          Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

          Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

          pros-and-cons

          Pros and cons of Phenobarbital for pets

          thumbs-up

          Pros

          First-choice treatment for long-term seizure control in dogs and in cats

          Has been used the longest in veterinary practice for epilepsy in dogs

          Comes as tablets and can also be made into a liquid or other forms if needed

          thumbs-down

          Cons

          Must have your pet’s blood drawn at least every 6 months to check phenobarbital levels, blood cell counts, and organ function

          Is a controlled substance so there are restrictions on filling a prescription

          Might have to give to your pet for the rest of their life

          pharmacist-tips

          Pharmacist tips for Phenobarbital for pets

          pharmacist

          • Follow the vet’s instructions to give phenobarbital to your dog or cat safely. Usually, this medication is given twice a day. But your vet might also say that it’s okay to give it once a day if you have trouble getting your pet to take the medication twice a day.

            • You can give your pet phenobarbital with or without food. If they vomit or have an upset stomach after taking it on an empty stomach, try giving it with food next time.

              • Your pet will need regular blood tests while taking phenobarbital to check the levels of the medication. This helps the vet make sure it’s safe and effective for your pet. For the most accurate results, get the blood drawn in the morning before your pet eats and takes their medication. Tests are done 2 weeks after starting treatment, 2 weeks after dose changes, and at least every 6 months once seizures are controlled. Your vet might adjust the dose based on test results.

                • Your pet will need other regular blood tests to check for rarer side effects of phenobarbital. These tests check liver function and blood cell counts. Ask your vet about what the test results mean.

                  • Talk to your vet if it doesn’t seem like phenobarbital is helping with your pet’s seizures after 2 weeks of treatment. It could mean that the dose needs to be adjusted or that your pet needs a different medication.

                    • Don’t stop giving your pet phenobarbital suddenly, especially if they’ve taken it for a long time already. Pets can have withdrawal from the medication and seizures can come back. Plan ahead for refills so that your pet doesn’t run out of medication.

                      • Phenobarbital is a controlled substance. Keep your pet’s medication secured and away from others, including children. Don’t give phenobarbital to others to use. Store it in a locked cabinet or safe at room temperature. Follow local, state, and federal laws to dispose of this medication safely.

                        Tips for liquid forms of phenobarbital

                        • Your vet might suggest a special liquid form of phenobarbital that’s made to taste better for your pet. Don’t use the phenobarbital liquid that you can get at regular pharmacies because it has alcohol in it, which can be dangerous for pets.

                          • This specially-made phenobarbital liquid is usually from a compounding pharmacy. Follow the vet’s or pharmacy’s instructions on how to store it and when to dispose it.

                            • Don’t measure the liquid medication with household spoons since spoon sizes can vary. Use a dosing cup or oral syringe to measure out the phenobarbital dose for your pet. This helps make sure your pet gets the right dose of medication.

                              Tips for other compounded forms of phenobarbital

                              • Compounding pharmacies can make phenobarbital into other forms to make it easier for your pet to take. These include a paste that's put into your pet’s mouth, a chewable treat, and sometimes a topical gel that you rub on the inside of the earflaps.

                                • Follow your vet’s or pharmacy’s instructions on how to store, give, and dispose of phenobarbital safely and properly.

                                  faqs

                                  Frequently asked questions about Phenobarbital for pets

                                  What are signs of phenobarbital toxicity in dogs?
                                  Signs of phenobarbital toxicity in dogs include sleepiness, unsteady movement, trouble breathing, low body temperature, loss of reflexes, and unconsciousness. And though rare, phenobarbital can be toxic to your dog’s liver. This can look like loss of appetite and yellowing of the eyes or gums. It’s important that the vet checks your dog’s phenobarbital blood levels to make sure they’re at a safe level. If you think your dog has gotten too much phenobarbital, contact a veterinarian or a pet poison helpline right away.
                                  Can I get phenobarbital for dogs without a vet’s prescription?
                                  No, phenobarbital requires a valid prescription from a licensed veterinarian. It needs a prescription because the vet needs to monitor your dog during treatment to make sure it’s safe. Also, phenobarbital is a controlled substance in the United States. This means that there are state laws that can limit access to the medication. Sometimes, these state laws can be stricter than federal laws. Ask a vet if you have more questions about whether your dogs needs phenobarbital and what you need to know about these laws.
                                  Where can I buy phenobarbital for dogs?
                                  You can get phenobarbital tablets for your dog at most pharmacies. But for other forms of phenobarbital your vet might prescribe, like a liquid, paste, or chewable treat, you’ll need to go to a special pharmacy called a compounding pharmacy. These pharmacies can make medication in different forms to help your dog take it more easily. Remember, you’ll need a prescription from a licensed veterinarian for phenobarbital. This is because a vet must make sure the dose is safe for your dog and monitor them for side effects. Ask a vet where to get the right form of phenobarbital that’s prescribed for your dog.
                                  How long does it take phenobarbital to work for dogs?
                                  It usually takes about 2 weeks for phenobarbital to reach a steady level in your dog’s body. Your vet will check the phenobarbital levels in your dog’s blood 2 weeks after starting the medication and after dose changes. This makes sure the dose is right since there’s a range that’s generally safe and works well for dogs. It could take a few weeks for phenobarbital to fully control seizures in your dog since it could take time to reach the right dose. But remember that the medication might work differently for each dog to help control seizures. Ask your vet if you have questions about how long it’s taking phenobarbital to work or about your dog’s phenobarbital levels.
                                  What’s the difference between phenobarbital and levetiracetam (Keppra) for dogs?
                                  Phenobarbital and levetiracetam (Keppra) are anticonvulsants that vets prescribe for seizures in dogs. But they work in different ways to calm brain activity and lower the number of seizures. Phenobarbital is usually given less often throughout the day than levetiracetam (Keppra). But blood tests are often needed to check phenobarbital levels for safety. This isn’t usually required with levetiracetam (Keppra), unless it’s taken with phenobarbital. Ask your vet for more information on comparing these medications.
                                  Can you give levetiracetam (Keppra) and phenobarbital together in dogs?
                                  Yes, your vet might prescribe both levetiracetam (Keppra) and phenobarbital for your dog’s seizures. They work in different ways to help lower how many and how severe the seizures are. It’s very important to follow your vet’s directions when giving these medications. Your dog will also need regular blood tests to make sure that both medications are safe and working well. Ask your vet if you have questions about giving your dog levetiracetam (Keppra) and phenobarbital.
                                  Does phenobarbital make dogs hungry?
                                  Yes, phenobarbital can make dogs hungry as a side effect. When your dog first starts taking phenobarbital, you might notice that they’re hungrier or eating more than usual. Sometimes, this higher appetite might lead to weight gain. But their appetite should go back to usual within a few weeks. Talk to a vet if you’re concerned about any changes in appetite or weight in your dog.
                                  What are some long-term side effects of phenobarbital in dogs?
                                  A side effect that can happen with long-term phenobarbital use in dogs is thirst. This can lead dogs to drink lots of fluids and urinate more. It can also cause changes to your dog’s thyroid lab results, which could be mistaken for hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone levels). The most serious complication of long-term phenobarbital treatment in dogs is liver toxicity. The medication can raise the liver enzyme levels in your dog, which can be a sign of liver damage. Other signs of liver toxicity include yellowing of the skin, eyes, or gums; swollen belly; and loss of appetite. Talk to your vet if you’re worried about the long-term risks with phenobarbital for your dog.
                                  What are signs of phenobarbital toxicity in cats?
                                  Signs of phenobarbital toxicity in cats include sleepiness, weakness, trouble walking, changes in breathing, low body temperature, and unconsciousness. This can happen if a cat takes too much phenobarbital or if the medication levels in the body are too high. If you notice these signs in your cat, call a vet or pet poison helpline right away.
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                                  dosage

                                  Phenobarbital dosage forms

                                  The average cost for 60 tablets of 64.8mg of Phenobarbital is $12.92 with a free GoodRx coupon. This is 73.69% off the average retail price of $49.11.
                                  ml of elixir
                                  Ml of elixir
                                  DosageQuantityPrice as low asPrice per unit
                                  20mg/5ml120 ml$10.22$0.09
                                  tablet
                                  Tablet
                                  DosageQuantityPrice as low asPrice per unit
                                  15mg60 tablets$8.95$0.15
                                  16.2mg60 tablets$11.89$0.20
                                  30mg60 tablets$9.09$0.15
                                  32.4mg60 tablets$10.77$0.18
                                  60mg60 tablets$10.24$0.17
                                  64.8mg60 tablets$12.92$0.22
                                  97.2mg60 tablets$17.40$0.29
                                  100mg60 tablets$13.31$0.22

                                  Typical dosing for Phenobarbital for pets

                                  The dose will depend on your pet’s weight.

                                  Long-term management of seizures in dogs and cats: The typical starting dose for the oral forms of phenobarbital is 2 mg/kg to 3 mg/kg by mouth twice a day. The vet will adjust the dose based on the phenobarbital levels in your pet’s blood. The dose will also be adjusted based on the number and severity of the seizures.

                                  Phenobarbital is also available as an injection that’s given by a vet for seizures in emergency situations.

                                  interactions

                                  Interactions between Phenobarbital and other drugs for pets

                                  Phenobarbital might interact with certain medications or supplements. Always let your veterinarian know about any other medications or supplements (including prescribed and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, and dietary or herbal supplements) that your pet is currently taking. The list below does not include all possible drug interactions with Phenobarbital. Please note that only the generic name of each medication is listed below.

                                  Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking any of these medicines, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

                                  Using medicines in this class with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with a medication in this class or change some of the other medicines you take.

                                  Using medicines in this class with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

                                  drug-cost

                                  How much does Phenobarbital cost?

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                                  contraindications-icon

                                  Phenobarbital contraindications for pets

                                  Contraindications are specific health conditions or situations in which a pet should not take a medication due to safety concerns. If your pet has any of the following conditions or if any of the following apply to your pet, let your veterinarian know because Phenobarbital will not be safe for your pet to take.

                                  • Allergic to other barbiturates

                                  • Liver problems

                                  • Severe kidney problems

                                  • Severe lung problems

                                  alternatives

                                  What are alternatives to Phenobarbital for pets?

                                  There might be medications that your veterinarian can prescribe in place of Phenobarbital. Compare a few possible alternatives below.
                                  Phenobarbital
                                  Used for:
                                  $8.95 Lowest GoodRx priceView Prices
                                  Levetiracetam
                                  Used for:
                                  $9.00 Lowest GoodRx priceView Prices
                                  images

                                  Phenobarbital images

                                  White Round 5013 V - Phenobarbital 64.8mg Tablet
                                  This medicine is White, Round, Scored Tablet Imprinted With "5013 V".White Round 5013 V - Phenobarbital 64.8mg Tablet
                                  White Round E5 112 - Phenobarbital 64.8mg Tablet
                                  This medicine is White, Round, Scored Tablet Imprinted With "E5 112".White Round E5 112 - Phenobarbital 64.8mg Tablet
                                  White Round Eci And 627 - Phenobarbital 64.8mg Tablet
                                  This medicine is White, Round, Scored Tablet Imprinted With "627" And "Eci".White Round Eci And 627 - Phenobarbital 64.8mg Tablet
                                  White Round 364 - Phenobarbital 64.8mg Tablet
                                  This medicine is White, Round, Scored Tablet Imprinted With "364".White Round 364 - Phenobarbital 64.8mg Tablet
                                  White Round 364 - Phenobarbital 64.8mg Tablet
                                  This medicine is White, Round, Scored Tablet Imprinted With "364".White Round 364 - Phenobarbital 64.8mg Tablet
                                  White Round T 32 - Phenobarbital 64.8mg Tablet
                                  This medicine is White, Round, Scored Tablet Imprinted With "T 32".White Round T 32 - Phenobarbital 64.8mg Tablet
                                  White Round W L And 141 - Phenobarbital 64.8mg Tablet
                                  This medicine is White, Round, Scored Tablet Imprinted With "141" And "W L".White Round W L And 141 - Phenobarbital 64.8mg Tablet

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                                  References

                                  Best studies we found

                                  American Veterinary Medical Association. (n.d.). FAQs about extralabel drug use.

                                  Castel, A. (2025). Anticonvulsants for treatment of animals. MSD Manual Veterinary Manual.

                                  Center, S. A. (2024). Enzyme activity in hepatic disease in small animals. Merck Manual Veterinary Manual.

                                  View All References (20)

                                  Center, S. A. (2024). Hepatotoxins in small animals. Merck Manual Veterinary Manual.

                                  Charalambous, M., et al. (2018). Systematic review of antiepileptic drugs' safety and effectiveness in feline epilepsy. BioMed Central Veterinary Research.

                                  Chartwell RX, LLC. (2024). Phenobarbital tablet [package insert]. DailyMed.

                                  Dohány, A., et al. (2023). A retrospective evaluation of phenobarbital-induced hematologic changes in 69 cats. Veterinary Clinical Pathology.

                                  e5 Pharma, LLC. (2024). Phenobarbital elixir [package insert]. DailyMed.

                                  Hermans, M., et al. (2021). Evaluation of the effect of phenobarbital administration on the biochemistry profile, with a focus on serum liver values, in epileptic cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery.

                                  Izydorczyk, V., et al. (2024). Superficial necrolytic dermatitis. The Canadian Veterinary Journal.

                                  Jukier, T. (2024). Antiseizure medications for dogs and cats. Today’s Veterinary Practice.

                                  Jukier, T., et al. (2024). Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a veterinary phenobarbital product in healthy dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science.

                                  Khan, S. A. (2024). Tranquilizers, antidepressants, sleep aids, and anticonvulsants (toxicity). Merck Manual Veterinary Manual.

                                  March, P. A., et al. (2008). Superficial necrolytic dermatitis in 11 dogs with a history of phenobarbital administration (1995–2002). Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

                                  Mojarradi, A., et al. (2023). Once-a-day oral treatment with phenobarbital in cats with presumptive idiopathic epilepsy. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery.

                                  Müller, P. B., et al. (2000). Effects of long-term phenobarbital treatment on the liver in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

                                  Oberholster, O. (2021). Pancytopenia secondary to suspected idiosyncratic phenobarbital reaction in a dog. The Canadian Veterinary Journal.

                                  Plumb’s. (2023). Top 10 drugs involved in drug interactions in veterinary medicine.

                                  Plumb’s Drug Handouts. (2024). Phenobarbital.

                                  Podell, M., et al. (2016). 2015 ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Statement on seizure management in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

                                  Sasaki, K., et al. (2015). Possible drug-drug interaction in dogs and cats resulted from alteration in drug metabolism: A mini review. Journal of Advanced Research.

                                  Scislowicz, O. D. (2015). Epileptic emergencies: Status epilepticus in canine patients. Today’s Veterinary Practice.

                                  Scott, T. N., et al. (2021). Bone marrow, blood, and clinical findings in dogs treated with phenobarbital. Veterinary Clinical Pathology.

                                  GoodRx Health has strict sourcing policies and relies on primary sources such as medical organizations, governmental agencies, academic institutions, and peer-reviewed scientific journals. Learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate, thorough, and unbiased by reading our editorial guidelines.
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