Procrit
Procrit (epoetin alfa) is an injection used to treat anemia, or low red blood cell count, caused by chronic kidney disease (CKD), taking zidovudine for HIV, or cancer chemotherapy. It's also used to reduce the need for blood transfusions in people undergoing certain surgeries. The medication given as a shot under the skin or into a vein, often in a clinic, dialysis center, or sometimes at home. Depending on your condition, you might take it once a day, once a week, or 3 times a week. Common side effects include high blood pressure, fever, and muscle or joint pain.
What is Procrit (epoetin alfa)?
What is Procrit (epoetin alfa) used for?
- Treat anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD), taking zidovudine for HIV, or cancer chemotherapy
- Reduce the need for blood transfusions before certain surgeries
How Procrit (epoetin alfa) works
Procrit (epoetin alfa) is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA). It works like a natural hormone in your body called erythropoietin, which tells your bone marrow to make more red blood cells. This helps treat anemia and improves the amount of oxygen your blood can carry.
Drug facts
More on Procrit (epoetin alfa) essentials
Side effects of Procrit (epoetin alfa)
The following side effects may get better over time as your body gets used to the medication. Let your healthcare provider know immediately if you continue to experience these symptoms or if they worsen over time.
Common Side Effects
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- High blood pressure (up to 28%)
- Joint pain (up to 16%)
- Fever (10%)
- Dizziness (10%)
Taking zidovudine for HIV
- Fever (42%)
- Cough (26%)
- Rash (19%)
Cancer chemotherapy
- Nausea (35%)
- Vomiting (20%)
- Muscle pain (10%)
- Joint pain (10%)
- Mouth sores (10%)
Certain surgeries
- Nausea (up to 56)
- Vomiting (up to 28%)
- Itchiness (up to 21%)
- Headache (up to 18%)
- Injection-site pain (up to 13%)
Less Common Side Effects
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- Muscle spasm
- Upper respiratory tract infection
Taking zidovudine for HIV
- Injections-site irritation
- Hives
- Congestion
Cancer chemotherapy
- Cough
- Weight loss
- Low white blood cell count
- Bone pain
- Rash
- High blood sugar
- Trouble sleeping
- Headache
- Depression
- Difficulty swallowing
Certain surgeries
- Chills
- Cough
- High blood pressure
- Rash
- Swelling
Procrit (epoetin alfa) serious side effects
Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you experience any of the following.
- Blood clot: pain in the legs, cool or pale arm or leg, sudden trouble seeing, chest pain, trouble breathing
- Heart attack: chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness
- Stroke: sudden weakness in arms or legs, difficulty speaking, trouble understanding speech, sudden confusion, balance problems, trouble walking, fainting
- Severe allergic reaction: rash, itching, shortness of breath, wheezing, dizziness, fainting, facial swelling, fast pulse, sweating
- Serious skin reactions: itchy rash, blisters, skin sores, peeling
- Seizures
The following Procrit (epoetin alfa) side effects have also been reported
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
More common
headache
increased blood pressure
swelling of the face, fingers, ankles, feet, or lower legs
Less common
blurred vision
change in skin color
change in vision
dizziness or lightheadedness
double vision
fainting
fast heartbeat
migraine headache
pain or discomfort in the arms, jaw, back, or neck
pain, tenderness, or swelling of the foot or leg
pain in the chest, groin, or legs, especially calves of the legs
pale skin
partial or complete loss of vision in the eye
seizures
severe headache of sudden onset
skin rash or hives
slurred speech
sudden and severe inability to speak
sudden loss of coordination
sweating
temporary blindness
tenderness, pain, swelling, warmth, or skin discoloration at the injection site
unusual bleeding or bruising
unusual tiredness or weakness
vision problems
vomiting
weakness in the arm or leg on one side of the body, sudden and severe
Incidence not known
Blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin
chills
joint or muscle pain
red, irritated eyes
red skin lesions, often with a purple center
sores, ulcers, or white spots in the mouth or on the lips
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
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Pros and cons of Procrit (epoetin alfa)
Pros
- Can reduce the need for blood transfusions
- If appropriate, can be injected at home
- Approved for both children and adults
- Dose can be adjusted to fit your individual needs
Cons
- Raises the risk of blood clots, heart attack, and stroke
- Only works if iron levels are high enough
- Need regular blood tests to check hemoglobin levels
- Can take 2 to 6 weeks for it to work
Pharmacist tips for Procrit (epoetin alfa)
- Don't miss regular blood tests to check your hemoglobin levels while taking Procrit (epoetin alfa). These tests help your care team adjust your dose if needed.
- Procrit (epoetin alfa) can be injected into a vein or under your skin. Make sure you understand how to properly inject the medication before starting home injections.
- Procrit (epoetin alfa) can raise your risk of serious blood clots, heart attacks, and strokes. Tell your care team right away if you have chest pain, trouble breathing, or swelling.
- Procrit (epoetin alfa) can raise your blood pressure. Be sure to check your blood pressure regularly and take any blood pressure medication you've been prescribed.
- If you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or giving this to a baby, use single-dose vials of Procrit (epoetin alfa) to avoid a preservative that could be harmful.
- Store Procrit (epoetin alfa) in the refrigerator. Throw away the single-dose vial after each use, even if there’s medication left. Throw away multi-dose vials no later than 21 days after you first use them.
- After using Procrit (epoetin alfa), throw the needle in a sharps container. This helps prevent injuries and keeps others safe.
Common questions about Procrit (epoetin alfa)
Procrit (epoetin alfa) can help treat anemia, but it also comes with some serious risks if not used the right way. It can raise the risk of death, heart attack, stroke, or blood clots. Your care team will check your blood often and adjust your dose to help keep you safe. Let them know right away if you have chest pain, swelling, severe headaches, or trouble breathing.
No, Procrit (epoetin alfa) isn't a type of chemotherapy, but is often used in people getting chemotherapy. Some chemotherapy treatments can cause anemia, or low red blood cell counts. Procrit (epoetin alfa) helps your body make more red blood cells, which can reduce the need for blood transfusions.
The length of time you might have side effects from Procrit (epoetin alfa) can vary depending on the side effect and how your body reacts. Injection site reactions are common, but typically get better within a few days. Flu-like symptoms often happen early in treatment, but usually go away after a few days. If any side effects last longer or feel serious, talk to your prescriber right away.
Yes, you need to keep Procrit (epoetin alfa) in the refrigerator. If you're using a multi-dose vial, put it back in the fridge right after taking out a dose. Don’t leave it out at room temperature.
Procrit (epoetin alfa) can be injected into a vein or under the skin. Your prescriber will help choose the best option for you. If it’s given into a vein, your care team will place a special port to deliver the medication. If it’s given under the skin, common injection sites include the outer upper arms, the stomach (at least 2 inches from your belly button), the front of your thighs, or the upper outer buttocks. Avoid injecting into areas that are sore, red, bruised, hard, or scarred.
After Procrit (epoetin alfa) is injected into a vein, it can stay in your system for 2 to 3 days. If it’s injected under the skin, it might stay in your body longer. For some people, it can stay in the body for up to 2 weeks. These time frames are based on the medication's half-life, which is how long it takes for half the drug to leave your body. Keep in mind, this can vary from person to person.
After you start taking Procrit (epoetin alfa), it'll take time for your body to make new red blood cells. This usually takes about 2 to 6 weeks. Your prescriber will check your hemoglobin levels regularly to see how well the medication is working and might adjust your dose to help you reach your goal safely.
Procrit and Epogen are two brand names for the same biologic medication, epoetin alfa. Epoetin alfa is a lab-made form of erythropoietin, a natural hormone that helps your body make red blood cells. The main difference is that they are marketed by different companies. Both work the same way and have the same safety and dosing. Ask your prescriber if you have more questions on how they compare.
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Risks and warnings for Procrit (epoetin alfa)
Procrit (epoetin alfa) can cause some serious health issues. This risk may be even higher for certain groups. If this worries you, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about other options.
Higher risk of death and serious events
- Risk factors: High hemoglobin levels
Studies found that Procrit (epoetin alfa) can raise the risk of death and serious events like blood clots, heart attack or stroke. The risk is higher if your hemoglobin level gets too high. Be sure to get your labs done regularly so your care team can monitor how your body is responding. Get emergency help right away if you notice symptoms like leg pain, chest pain, trouble breathing, sudden confusion, sudden vision changes, or weakness on one side of your body.
Cancer survival and tumor growth
Procrit (epoetin alfa) might help reduce the need for blood transfusions needed, but it can also cause tumors to grow faster and lower overall survival in some people with cancer. Because of this, your prescriber will carefully consider the risks and benefits before recommending this medication and will monitor your blood levels closely to help keep you safe.
High blood pressure
- Risk factors: Uncontrolled high blood pressure
Procrit (epoetin alfa) can raise your blood pressure and shouldn't be used in people with uncontrolled high blood pressure. Before starting this medication, your blood pressure should be under control, and your care team will check it regularly during treatment. Keep taking any blood pressure medications and follow any diet changes your prescriber recommends. If your blood pressure becomes hard to manage, they might need to lower your dose, stop Procrit (epoetin alfa).
Seizures
- Risk factors: Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Procrit (epoetin alfa) can raise the risk of having a seizure in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Your prescriber will monitor you closely during the first few months of treatment, especially for early signs like unusual feelings, confusion, or irritability. Let your care team know right away if you have a new seizure, notice warning signs before a seizure, or if seizures happen more often.
No hemoglobin response
- Risk factors: Low iron levels | Bleeding | Infection | Inflammation
Sometimes Procrit (epoetin alfa) doesn't work or stops working over time. If your anemia doesn't improve, your prescriber will look into possible causes like low iron, infection, inflammation, or bleeding. If you're told to take iron supplements, it's important to take them as directed to help the medication work better.
Red blood cell condition
- Risk factors: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving Procrit (epoetin alfa) under the skin | Hepatitis C
In rare cases, Procrit (epoetin alfa) can cause a serious condition called pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), which means your body stops making red blood cells. This happens when your body makes antibodies that block erythropoietin, the hormone that helps produce red blood cells. If you develop severe anemia, your prescriber will stop Procrit (epoetin alfa) and run tests to check for these antibodies. If PRCA is confirmed, you’ll need to stop the medication for good and shouldn’t switch to another erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA).
Serious allergic reactions
Serious allergic reactions can happen with Procrit (epoetin alfa), including anaphylaxis, swelling of the face or throat, trouble breathing, skin rash, or hives. If you have any of these reactions, stop taking the medication right away and get emergency care.
Severe skin reactions
Serious skin reactions like blistering or peeling have been reported in people taking Procrit (epoetin alfa). These can include rare but dangerous conditions such as Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Let your care team know immediately if you notice any skin blisters, peeling, skin sores, or painful rash.
Risk of serious gasping syndrome in babies
- Risk factors: Newborns | Infants with low birth weight | Pregnancy | Breastfeeding
Benzyl alcohol is a preservative found in the multi-dose vial of Procrit (epoetin alfa). It can cause a rare but serious condition called "gasping syndrome". This condition is more likely to happen in newborns and infants with low birth weight. If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, talk with your prescriber before getting Procrit (epoetin alfa), since your baby could be exposed to benzyl alcohol through the womb or breast milk. Your prescriber can recommend the single-dose vial that's safer for both you and your baby.
Risk of infection from human blood
Procrit (epoetin alfa) carries a small risk of spreading certain viruses because it's made from human blood. To help keep it safe, blood donors are carefully screened, the blood is tested for infections, and it goes through special steps to remove or kill viruses. Even with all these safety steps, there’s still a very small chance of disease transmission. If you’re worried or have questions, talk to your care team.
Procrit (epoetin alfa) dosage
Vial| Dosage | Quantity | Price as low as | Price per unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1ml of 40000 units/ml | 4 vials | $4,111.21 | $1,027.80 |
| 1ml of 10000 units/ml | 4 vials | $1,032.49 | $258.12 |
| 2ml of 10000 units/ml | 1 vial | $519.37 | $519.37 |
| 1ml of 20000 units/ml | 2 vials | $1,032.49 | $516.25 |
| 1ml of 2000 units/ml | 4 vials | $211.54 | $52.89 |
| 1ml of 3000 units/ml | 1 vial | $61.58 | $61.58 |
| 1ml of 4000 units/ml | 2 vials | $211.50 | $105.75 |
Typical dosage for Procrit (epoetin alfa)
The dose depends on your condition, weight, and age. Your prescriber will also adjust your dose based on your hemoglobin levels.
-
Chronic kidney disease
- Adults: The typical starting dose is 50 to 100 Units/kg injected into the vein or under the skin 3 times a week.
- Children 1 month and older: The typical starting dose is 50 Units/kg injected into the vein or under the skin 3 times a week.
-
Taking zidovudine for HIV:
- The typical starting dose is 100 Units/kg injected into the vein or under the skin 3 times a week.
-
Receiving chemotherapy:
- Adults: The typical dose is 150 Units/kg injected under the skin 3 times a week until chemotherapy ends, OR 40,000 Units injected under the skin weekly until chemotherapy ends.
- Children 5 to 18 years old: The typical dose is 600 Units/kg injected into a vein weekly until chemotherapy ends.
-
Certain surgeries:
- A typical dose is 300 Units/kg injected daily for 15 days OR 600 Units/kg injected under the skin 21, 14, and 7 days before surgery, and on the day of surgery.
Interactions between Procrit (epoetin alfa) and other drugs
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.
How much does Procrit (epoetin alfa) cost?
$61.58
Procrit (epoetin alfa) contraindications
Contraindications are specific health conditions or situations in which a person should not take a medication due to safety concerns. If you have any of the following conditions or if any of the following apply to you, let your healthcare provider know because Procrit (epoetin alfa) will not be safe for you to take.
- Uncontrolled high blood pressure
- Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) that begins after treatment with Procrit (epoetin alfa) or other erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs)
- Use of the multiple-dose vials in neonates, infants, pregnant women, and breastfeeding women
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