Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents are used to treat anemia caused by chronic kidney disease, chemotherapy, and certain HIV treatments. These medications work by stimulating your bone marrow to produce more red blood cells, which helps to increase your hemoglobin levels and reduce the need for blood transfusions. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents are typically given as injections. Examples include epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit), Aranesp (darbepoetin alfa), and Mircera (methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta).