Pimozide is an oral antipsychotic medication used for Tourette syndrome after other standard treatments haven't worked. It's thought to work by lowering dopamine levels in the brain, which helps to reduce tics. Generally, adults take more than one dose per day, while children 12 years and older usually take one dose at bedtime. Side effects include sleepiness, drowsiness, and difficulty moving muscles. Although the brand medication Orap is no longer available, the generic version still is.
Treatment of Tourette syndrome after other standard medications haven't worked
Pimozide is an antipsychotic. The exact way the medication works for Tourette syndrome isn't known, but it lowers dopamine levels in the brain. This is believed to help reduce tics, which are sudden, involuntary movements or sounds.
Source:Â DailyMed
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
More common
Difficulty with speaking
dizziness or fainting
fast or irregular heartbeat
lack of facial expression
loss of balance control
mood or behavior changes
restlessness or need to keep moving
shuffling walk
slowed movements
stiffness of the arms and legs
swelling or soreness of the breasts (less common in males)
trembling and shaking of the fingers and hands
unusual secretion of milk (rare in males)
Less common or rare
Difficulty with swallowing
inability to move the eyes
increased blinking or spasms of the eyelid
lip smacking or puckering
menstrual changes
muscle spasms, especially of the face, neck, or back
puffing of the cheeks
rapid or worm-like movements of the tongue
skin rash and itching
sore throat and fever
swelling of the face
uncontrolled chewing movements
uncontrolled movements of the neck, trunk, arms, or legs, including twisting movements
unusual bleeding or bruising
unusual facial expressions or body positions
yellow eyes or skin
Rare
Convulsions (seizures)
difficult or unusually fast breathing
fast heartbeat or irregular pulse
fever (high)
high or low (irregular) blood pressure
increased sweating
loss of bladder control
muscle stiffness (severe)
Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur:
Symptoms of overdose
Coma
dizziness (severe)
muscle trembling, jerking, or stiffness (severe)
troubled breathing (severe)
uncontrolled movements (severe)
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
More common
Blurred vision or other vision problems
dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting when getting up from a lying or sitting position
drowsiness
dryness of the mouth
Less common
Decreased sexual ability
headache
loss of appetite and weight
mental depression
tiredness or weakness
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
One of the few medications that's FDA approved to treat Tourette syndrome
Can be used in children 12 years and older
Available as a lower-cost generic
Generally not a first-choice treatment option
Not a good option for people with certain heart conditions
Interacts with a lot of medications
You can take pimozide with or without food, but avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice. Taking them together can raise pimozide levels in your body and cause serious side effects.
Antipsychotic medications like pimozide can cause tardive dyskinesia, which is a condition involving uncontrollable muscle movements. Let your prescriber know if this starts to happen to you.
Don't drive, ride a bike, or operate machinery until you know how pimozide affects you. Side effects can include drowsiness, dizziness, vision changes, and problems moving your muscles.
Make sure your prescriber has a full list of medications and supplements that you take. Many things interact with pimozide and can lead to dangerously high levels of this medication.
Take pimozide exactly as prescribed. Taking higher doses of this medication can lead to serious heart problems that can be life-threatening. You'll likely need to undergo an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) before you start this medication and during treatment to make sure your heart is healthy.
Pimozide can cause some serious health issues. This risk may be even higher for certain groups. If this worries you, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about other options.
Risk factors: Taking pimozide long term | Taking high dose of antipsychotic medications
Antipsychotic medications, such as pimozide, can cause a movement condition called tardive dyskinesia. With tardive dyskinesia, you can have a hard time controlling your movements. Common symptoms include lip smacking, eye blinking, sticking out your tongue, and grimacing. The risk of developing tardive dyskinesia, which could become permanent, is higher if you take antipsychotic medications for a long time or at high doses. Let your prescriber know if you notice any of these signs and symptoms. Sometimes, these movements will go away on their own once you stop the medication.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare, but life-threatening condition linked to antipsychotic medications. Symptoms include high fever, fast heart rate, full body stiffness, and confusion. Seek medical attention right away if you notice any of these symptoms. Your prescriber will likely find you another medication that will work better for you.
Pimozide can lower your white blood cell counts. White blood cells help your body fight infections. Your prescriber will monitor your blood cell levels with routine blood tests and might have you stop the medication if your levels are too low. Tell your prescriber if you have symptoms of an infection, such as fever or sore throat, that don't go away.
Risk factors: Taking high doses of pimozide | Taking other medications that change heart rhythm | Low potassium levels in the blood
In clinical studies, changes in heart rhythm were seen on electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) scans in people taking pimozide for Tourette syndrome. Because of this risk, you'll need to get a scan done before you start pimozide and regularly while taking the medication so your HCP can make sure your heart rhythm is normal.
Adults: The typical starting daily dose is 1 mg to 2 mg by mouth split into multiple doses throughout the day. The maximum dose per day is 10 mg.
Children (age 12 years and older): The dose will be based on your child's weight, and should be taken by mouth at bedtime. The maximum dose per day is 10 mg.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Treatment of tics not caused by Tourette syndrome
Treatment of tics caused by other medications
Irregular heartbeat problems
Comatose states from any cause
Also taking citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), sertraline (Zoloft), macrolide antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin (Zithromax), clarithromycin, erythromycin (Ery-Tab)), or other medications that strongly slow down the breakdown of pimozide in the body
Treatment of Tourette syndrome after other standard medications haven't worked
Psychotic and behavioral disorders
Tourette syndrome in adults and children
Hyperactivity in children
Tourette syndrome in children
Depression (add-on treatment)
Irritability associated with autistic disorder in children
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Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs. (n.d.). Pimozide. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Endo USA, Inc. (2017). Pimozide tablet [package insert]. DailyMed.
Mothi, M., et al. (2013). Pimozide for schizophrenia or related psychoses. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2024). Tourette syndrome.
Pringsheim, T., et al. (2019). Practice guideline recommendations summary: Treatment of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders. Neurology.
Seideman, M. F., et al. (2020). A review of the current treatment of Tourette syndrome. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics.
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