Key takeaways
Rizatriptan (Maxalt) and ergotamine/caffeine (Cafergot) are both used to treat migraines, but they work differently and have different forms. Rizatriptan is a triptan that works by tightening blood vessels in the brain and is available as an oral tablet and an orally disintegrating tablet (ODT). It's suitable for children ages 6 and older. Common side effects include dizziness, headache, and sleepiness. On the other hand, ergotamine/caffeine is a combination of an ergot derivative and caffeine, which also tightens blood vessels and calms the brain. It comes as a tablet and a rectal suppository, but the brand name Cafergot is discontinued. This medication is only for adults and can cause nausea, vomiting, and numbness. Ergotamine/caffeine should not be used during pregnancy, while the safety of rizatriptan during pregnancy is unknown. Both medications have restrictions on how often they can be taken due to side effects. Both medications require a prescription and are not controlled substances.
