Irbesartan (Avapro) is a medication that's used to treat high blood pressure; it's also used to treat diabetic kidney disease. It's a part of a drug class called angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB). The dosage for irbesartan (Avapro) can differ if you've kidney problems or are taking diuretics ("water pills"). Common side effects include dizziness and tiredness. Irbesartan (Avapro) is available in both brand name (Avapro) and generic tablet.
Treatment of high blood pressure
Slow the worsening of kidney disease from diabetes
Irbesartan (Avapro) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). It works by blocking the effect of a hormone called angiotensin II. The main role of angiotensin II is to narrow your blood vessels, which can raise your blood pressure and cause your heart to work harder to pump out blood to the rest of your body. By blocking the effect of this hormone on the body, irbesartan (Avapro) relaxes your blood vessels. This helps lower your blood pressure and stress on your heart.
Source: DailyMed
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
More common
Chills
cold sweats
confusion
dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up from lying or sitting position
Less common
Bladder pain
bloody or cloudy urine
difficult, burning, or painful urination
fast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse
frequent urge to urinate
lower back or side pain
Rare
Chest discomfort
decreased urine output
dilated neck veins
extreme fatigue
feeling of warmth
irregular breathing
irregular heartbeat
pain or discomfort in the arms, jaw, back, or neck
redness of the face, neck, arms, and occasionally, upper chest
shortness of breath
sweating
swelling of the face, fingers, feet, or lower legs
tightness in the chest
troubled breathing
vomiting
Incidence not known
Abdominal or stomach pain
black, tarry stools
bleeding gums
clay-colored stools
dark urine
decreased frequency of urine
headache
increased thirst
large, hive-like swelling on the face, eyelids, lips, tongue, throat, hands, legs, feet, or sex organs
loss of appetite
muscle cramps or spasms
muscle pain or stiffness
nervousness
numbness or tingling in the hands, feet, or lips
pinpoint red spots on the skin
rash
unpleasant breath odor
unusual bleeding or bruising
unusual tiredness or weakness
vomiting of blood
weakness or heaviness of the legs
yellow eyes or skin
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Less common
Acid or sour stomach
belching
body aches or pain
bone pain
congestion
dryness or soreness of the throat
feeling of indigestion
general feeling of discomfort or illness
hoarseness
joint pain
pain in the chest below the breastbone
shivering
stomach discomfort or upset
sweating
tender, swollen glands in the neck
trouble sleeping
trouble with swallowing
voice changes
Rare
Blistering, crusting, irritation, itching, or reddening of the skin
bloated or full feeling
blurred or loss of vision
burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling feelings
change in hearing
cracked, dry, scaly skin
decreased interest in sexual intercourse
difficulty having a bowel movement (stool)
disturbed color perception
double vision
ear drainage
excess air or gas in the stomach or intestines
halos around lights
hives or welts
inability to have or keep an erection
large, flat, blue or purplish patches in the skin
loss in sexual ability, desire, drive, or performance
night blindness
overbright appearance of lights
pain, swelling, or redness in the joints
passing gas
sleepiness or unusual drowsiness
tunnel vision
Incidence not known
Feeling of constant movement of self or surroundings
sensation of spinning
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Available as a lower-cost generic medication
Typically taken once a day
Less likely to cause dry cough compared to ACE Inhibitors
Not safe for use while pregnant
High risk of raising potassium levels
Requires regular blood work to make sure your kidneys are healthy
You can track how well irbesartan (Avapro) is working to control your blood pressure by checking your blood pressure regularly at home. Write down your blood pressure readings, and bring them to your appointments with your provider so you can discuss how well irbesartan (Avapro) is working for you.
Irbesartan (Avapro) works to lower your blood pressure, but this can cause dizziness and lightheadedness. You're more likely to feel dizzy or lightheaded if you're suddenly standing up from a sitting or lying down position. Make sure to get up slowly from these positions after taking irbesartan (Avapro). Tell your provider if you experience fainting or dizziness while taking this medication.
Mark your calendar with your appointments to see your provider and to get any blood work done when you take irbesartan (Avapro). Your provider might order tests to check your potassium levels and kidney health during treatment. Based on your lab results and your blood pressure readings, they might change your dose to make sure the medication is safe and working well for you.
Remember to drink enough water to stay hydrated while you're taking irbesartan (Avapro), especially on hot days or after exercising. Dehydration can put you at risk for very low blood pressure, dizziness, and falls. In addition, not having enough fluids in your body might raise your risk of kidney damage during treatment with this medication.
Don't take irbesartan (Avapro) if you're pregnant since it can cause harm to the unborn baby. If you're pregnant or thinking of getting pregnant during treatment, contact your provider right away. Your provider might prescribe you a different medication that's safer during pregnancy or suggest lifestyle changes.
Irbesartan (Avapro) can interact with many medications. Let your provider or pharmacist know what medications you're taking, including over-the-counter products and supplements, before you start irbesartan (Avapro). Talk with your provider or pharmacist if you have any questions about interactions with this medication.
Irbesartan (Avapro) can cause some serious health issues. This risk may be even higher for certain groups. If this worries you, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about other options.
Taking irbesartan (Avapro) during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy might raise the risk for birth defects, such as small skull, low blood pressure, and kidney failure. Sometimes, this can be fatal to your unborn baby. Because of this potential risk, if you find out that you're pregnant while you're taking irbesartan (Avapro), stop and let your provider know right away. If you're pregnant or are planning to become pregnant, discuss safer treatment options with your provider.
Risk factors: Dehydration (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting) | Low salt levels in your body | People on dialysis | Taking diuretics for a long time
Sometimes, taking irbesartan (Avapro) can cause your blood pressure to drop too much. This can cause you to feel dizzy, tired, or lightheaded. Make sure to stay well-hydrated during treatment. Don't get up suddenly from a sitting or lying down position, since this can cause your blood pressure to drop quickly. If you often feel dizzy, lightheaded, faint, tired, or confused while taking irbesartan (Avapro), let your provider know.
Risk factors: Severe heart failure | Kidney problems | Taking diuretics
Irbesartan (Avapro) can usually improve blood flow to the kidneys, which is good for people with high blood pressure and chronic kidney disease (CKD). But in some cases, irbesartan (Avapro) can make kidney problems worse. The risk is higher for people who have certain medical conditions, such as blockage of the kidney artery or severe heart failure. As a result, your provider might order lab tests during treatment to make sure your kidneys are healthy and working properly. Let your provider know if you're urinating less often than usual, feeling tired, nauseous, or have chills. These can be symptoms of kidney damage.
Risk factors: Diabetes | Kidney problems | Taking other medications that also raise potassium
Very rarely, irbesartan (Avapro) can raise the amount of potassium in your body, which can be dangerous. Your risk of developing high potassium levels is greater if you have diabetes, kidney problems, or are taking other medications that also raise potassium levels. For this reason, make sure your provider knows your full medical history and what medications you're taking before starting irbesartan (Avapro). If you experience signs of high potassium, such as nausea, muscle weakness, or abnormal heartbeat, tell your provider right away.
High blood pressure: The typical starting dose is 150 mg by mouth once daily. Your provider will adjust your dose according to your blood pressure. The maximum dose is 300 mg by mouth once daily.
Diabetic kidney disease: The typical dosing is 300 mg by mouth once daily.
Your dose might differ if you're dehydrated, taking diuretics ("water pills"), or if you're on dialysis
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Taking with aliskiren (Tekturna) and you also have diabetes
Treatment of high blood pressure
Slow the worsening of kidney disease from diabetes
Lower the risk of stroke in people with high blood pressure who have a thickened heart (left ventricular hypertrophy)
Slow down the worsening of kidney problems in people with Type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure
High blood pressure in adults and children
Lower the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adults
Lower the risk of death after a heart attack in adults
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Alembic Pharmaceuticals Limited. (2022). IRBESARTAN tablet [package insert]. DailyMed.
Hallare, J., et al. (2023). Half life. StatPearls.
Hill, R. D., et al. (2023). Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB). StatPearls.
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Diabetes Work Group. KDIGO 2022 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease. Kidney International.
Varghese, R. T., et al. (2023). Diabetic nephropathy. StatPearls.
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