Fluorouracil (Efudex) topical is an antimetabolite. It's available as 5% topical cream and solution, and as 2% solution. Both strengths can treat actinic keratosis, a precancerous skin condition caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light over time. But only fluorouracil 5% is approved to treat basal cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer. Fluorouracil (Efudex) topical is applied directly on the affected area(s) twice daily for 2 to 6 weeks, depending on what condition you're being treated for. Side effects of this medication can include skin burning, crusting, and irritation.
Actinic (or solar) keratosis (scaly pre-cancerous spot or growth on the skin) in adults
Basal cell carcinoma (certain type of skin cancer) in adults
Fluorouracil (Efudex) topical is an antimetabolite. It works by getting in the way of cells making copies of their genetic material. When applied on pre-cancerous or cancerous skin cells, fluorouracil (Efudex) topical prevents them from being able to grow.
Source:Â DailyMed
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
Redness and swelling of normal skin
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
More common
Burning feeling where medicine is applied
increased sensitivity of skin to sunlight
oozing
skin rash
soreness or tenderness of skin
Less common or rare
Darkening of skin
scaling
watery eyes
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Preferred treatment option for actinic keratoses
Up to a 90% cure rate for people with basal cell carcinoma
Treatment might last as short as 2-3 weeks, depending on your condition
Can cause uncomfortable skin reactions
Need to use twice daily
Hasn't been studied in children
Not safe to use during pregnancy
Fluorouracil (Efudex) topical should be applied on your skin. But try your best to avoid putting medication near sensitive areas, such as your eyes or mouth, and on damaged skin because doing so can cause skin irritation.
Gently massage fluorouracil (Efudex) topical into your skin. It's best to apply the medication with a nonmetal applicator or surgical gloves. But if you use your fingers to apply fluorouracil (Efudex) topical, wash your hands immediately after so that you don't accidentally get this medication on other skin areas.
If you use gloves or other tools to apply fluorouracil (Efudex) topical, make sure to either wash them thoroughly or throw them away in a place that's out of reach of children or pets. If this medication is accidentally eaten by children or pets, it can cause serious harm.
Don't cover the area with a dressing or bandages, unless your provider has instructed you to do so. This can raise your risk of skin reactions on normal skin that's near your skin spot or growth.
Fluorouracil (Efudex) topical shouldn't be used in pregnant females. Make sure to let your dermatologist know if you're pregnant before starting fluorouracil (Efudex) topical. They'll likely consider a different medication for you.
It's not known if fluorouracil (Efudex) topical can get into breastmilk. Talk to your dermatologist about the risks and benefits of breastfeeding while using fluorouracil (Efudex) topical. They might recommend you use formula at least until you finish your treatment.
Store fluorouracil (Efudex) topical at room temperature in a dry place. Don't freeze it, since this can damage the medication.
Fluorouracil (Efudex) topical can cause some serious health issues. This risk may be even higher for certain groups. If this worries you, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about other options.
Don't apply fluorouracil (Efudex) topical to sensitive skin areas or near mucous membranes, such as near the eyes, mouth, or nose. Doing so raises the risk of skin damage in those areas.
Don't put bandages or dressing over areas where you just applied fluorouracil (Efudex) topical. Doing so will cause your skin to absorb more medication, which can lead to more skin-related side effects.
If needed, your skin care specialist might ask you to put a breathable, gauze dressing over it to protect the skin. But only do this if they told you it's safe to do so.
You can experience more serious skin reactions, such as painful peeling or blistering, if you're exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light while using fluorouracil (Efudex) topical. Avoid sun lamps and tanning beds during and immediately following treatment with fluorouracil (Efudex) topical. Also, try your best to stay out of the sun. If you need to be outside, ask your dermatologist about using sunscreen and wearing protective clothing (e.g., hats, long-sleeved shirts).
Risk factors: Females of childbearing age
Fluorouracil (Efudex) topical can cause harm to an unborn baby, such as birth defects and miscarriage, if it's used during pregnancy. Let your dermatologist know if you're pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using fluorouracil (Efudex) topical.
Risk factors: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency
There has been one reported case of toxicity experienced by a person who used fluorouracil 5% topical cream. Symptoms included stomach pain, bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. This person was found to have inflammation and sores in their month, stomach, and bowels.
This toxicity reaction is more common in people who don't have a enzyme called dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in the body. Usualy, the DPD enzyme helps break down fluorouracil (Efudex) topical in your body. Without the enzyme, the medication can build up in your body, which can raise your risk of these side effects. If you have DPD deficiency, you can't use fluorouracil (Efudex) topical. Talk to your dermatologist about alternative treatments.
Dosage | Quantity | Price as low as | Price per unit |
---|---|---|---|
40g of 5% | 1 tube | $66.54 | $66.54 |
Actinic keratoses
Fluorouracil 2% and 5%: Apply a thin layer to cover the skin spots or growths on the affected area(s) twice daily. The typical length of treatment is 2 to 4 weeks. But it can take 1 to 2 months after the end of treatment to notice complete healing of the skin.
Basal cell carcinoma
Fluorouracil 5% only: Apply a thin layer to cover the skin spots or growths on the affected area(s) twice daily. The typical length of treatment is 3 to 6 weeks, but can be extended to up to 3 months, if needed.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Currently pregnant
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency
Actinic (or solar) keratosis (scaly pre-cancerous spot or growth on the skin) in adults
Basal cell carcinoma (certain type of skin cancer) in adults
Face or scalp actinic keratosis (scaly precancerous spot or growth on the skin) in adults - all brands and strengths
Genital and anal warts in adults and children 12 years and older - Zyclara 3.75% and Aldara 5% only
Superficial basal cell carcinoma (a type of skin cancer) in adults - Aldara 5% only
Actinic keratoses (AK) in adults
By signing up, I agree to GoodRx's Terms and Privacy Policy, and to receive marketing messages from GoodRx.
Accord Healthcare Inc. (2022). Fluorouracil- fluorouracil cream [package insert]. DailyMed.
American Family Physician. (2019). 5% fluorouracil is the preferred treatment for actinic keratoses.
Bausch Health US, LLC. (2024). Efudex- fluorouracil solution; Efudex- fluorouracil cream [package insert]. DailyMed.
BluePoint Laboratories. (2024). Fluorouracil injection, solution [package insert]. DailyMed.
Casale, J., et al. (2024). Fluorouracil. StatPearls.
Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center. (2024). Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency.
Gross, K., et al. (2007). 5% 5-fluorouracil cream for the treatment of small superficial basal cell carcinoma: Efficacy, tolerability, cosmetic outcome, and patient satisfaction. Dermatologic Surgery.
Sachs, D. L., et al. (2009). Topical fluorouracil for actinic keratoses and photoaging. Archives of Dermatology.
Taro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. (2022). Fluorouracil solution [package insert]. DailyMed.
West, D. A., et al. (2010). Treatment of actinic keratoses with topical fluorouracil. American Family Physician.
Research prescriptions and over-the-counter medications from A to Z, compare drug prices, and start saving.