Dihydroergotamine works well to treat migraines and cluster headaches, but can't be used to prevent them. It can be used as a nasal spray or an injection.
Migraine headaches
Cluster headaches – injection form only
Dihydroergotamine is an ergot medication that binds to specific receptors (proteins involved with signaling) in the brain, including alpha, serotonin, and dopamine receptors. It tightens blood vessels and prevents the release of inflammatory chemicals in the brain, which relieves your headache.
Source:Â DailyMed
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:
Less common or rare
cough, fever, sneezing, or sore throat
feeling of heaviness in chest
irregular heartbeat
itching of the skin
numbness and tingling of face, fingers, or toes
pain in arms, legs, or lower back
pain in back, chest or left arm
pale bluish-colored or cold hands or feet
shortness of breath or troubled breathing
weak or absent pulses in legs
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
More common
Burning or tingling sensation, dryness, soreness, or pain in the nose
change in sense of taste
dizziness
headache
increased sweating
nausea and or vomiting
muscle stiffness
runny and or stuffy nose
sudden sweatings and feelings of warmth
sensation of burning, warmth, or heat
sleepiness
unexplained nose bleeds
unusual tiredness or weakness
Less common
blurred vision
cold clammy skin
confusion
congestion in chest
decreased appetite
difficulty swallowing
dizziness or lightheadedness when getting up from a lying or sitting position
ear pain
increased watering of eyes
increased watering of the mouth
increased yawning
muscle weakness
nervousness
pinpoint red spots on skin
pounding heartbeat
red or irritated eyes
ringing or buzzing in ears
skin rash
stomach pain
sudden fainting
swelling of face, fingers, feet, or lower legs
trembling or shaking of hands or feet
trouble in sleeping
unusual feeling of well being
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
A first-choice treatment for moderate-to-severe migraine headaches
Trudhesa nasal spray can start working as soon as 15 minutes to relieve pain from migraine attack
Available as a nasal spray and injection
Some forms are available as a lower-cost generic (Migranal, D.H.E. 45)
Better tolerated by people experiencing nausea or vomiting with migraine attack
Not for long-term use
Nasal spray (Migranal, Trudhesa) can cause changes in taste as a side effect
Can cause stroke or heart attack
Can't be used with many medical conditions, during pregnancy, or while breastfeeding
Unknown if safe or works well in children
Take dihydroergotamine as soon as you feel a cluster headache or migraine coming on. Since these attacks can happen anywhere, it's a good idea to carry this medication with you at all times.
Take dihydroergotamine only when needed. Don't take it too often since this can lead to more side effects, including worse headaches.
Dihydroergotamine is known to cause birth defects. Don't take this medication if you're pregnant or think you might be pregnant. If necessary, use a good form of birth control to prevent accidental pregnancy.
If you're breastfeeding, don't take dihydroergotamine. It can affect your child if it gets into breastmilk, including diarrhea, vomiting, and unstable blood pressure. The medication can also make it harder for you to make milk.
Certain medications can raise your risk of side effects from dihydroergotamine. Make sure your provider and pharmacist know all of the medications that you take, so they can help you watch out for dangerous interactions.
Dihydroergotamine works similarly to triptan medications like sumatriptan (Imitrex) or rizatriptan (Maxalt), and also has very similar side effects. Taking them at the same time as dihydroergotamine can lead to dangerously high blood pressure and other serious side effects. Don't take these medications together or within 24 hours of each other.
Nasal spray
Before using the nasal spray for the first time, you'll want to activate or "prime" it by pumping it 4 times away from your face. This makes sure that you get a full dose of medication.
After opening the nasal spray, it's only good for 8 hours, so you'll want to throw it away afterwards (even if there's still medication left inside). Make sure to discard it someplace out of the reach of children or pets.
Don't tilt your head back or inhale deeply through your nose when spraying Migranal into your nose or right afterwards. It's important for the medication to stay inside of your nose so that it can be absorbed into your bloodstream.
Injection
Before using dihydroergotamine injection, make sure that you've reviewed the instructions with your provider and pharmacist. You'll want to have your technique down so that you're prepared to take the medication safely. This medication is usually injected under the skin (subcutaneously) in the middle of your thigh.
Dihydroergotamine can cause some serious health issues. This risk may be even higher for certain groups. If this worries you, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about other options.
Risk factors: Taking certain medications that interact with dihydroergotamine | Taking more dihydroergotamine than prescribed
Some medications can raise the levels of dihydroergotamine in the body. This is dangerous because it can make your blood vessels too tight and affect bloodflow to the brain (which can cause stroke) or hands or feet (which can cause tissue or muscle damage). Don't take dihydroergotamine with protease inhibitors (usually used for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)) or macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin, clarithromycin). Some other medications may not have as strong of an effect, but you should still be careful taking them with dihydroergotamine. Make sure your provider and pharmacist know all of the medications that you take, so they can help you watch out for dangerous interactions.
Problems from low blood flow have been reported with dihydroergotamine, even without any interactions with other medications. Let your provider know if you experience muscle pains, coldness, numbness, pale skin color, or blue- or gray-colored fingers or toes, since these are signs of poor circulation (low blood flow). Call 911 if you think you're having a stroke.
Risk factors: High blood pressure | High cholesterol | Smoking | Obesity | Diabetes | Personal history or family history of heart problems | Postmenopausal females | Males over 40 years of age
Dihydroergotamine can cause tight blood vessels in the heart, which can lead to life-threatening heart attacks or irregular heartbeats. Don't use this medication if you have heart disease or risk of heart disease. In case the medication causes any problems, you might need to take your first dose of dihydroergotamine in a healthcare provider's office so you can get immediate care if needed. If you're taking this medication long term, make sure to follow up with your provider regularly to monitor your heart health. Call 911 or get medical help right away if you experience chest pain or tightness after using a dose of dihydroergotamine.
Dihydroergotamine has caused stroke, bleeding in the brain, and other brain damage. Only use dihydroergotamine for migraine symptoms and as instructed by your provider, since this medication might raise your risk for stroke and other brain damage. If you experience sudden dizziness, trouble walking or speaking, loss of balance, confusion, or weakness on one side of your body in your face, arm, or leg, seek medical help right away.
Dihydroergotamine can raise your blood pressure, even if you don't have a history of blood pressure problems. Don't take this medication if you have high blood pressure that isn't controlled with medications.
Risk factors: Taking certain headache medications on 10 or more days per month
Many headache medications, including dihydroergotamine, can cause "medication overuse headaches" when they're taken too often. This can cause worse headaches or cause them to occur more often. Avoid using headache medications for more than 10 days per month unless told otherwise by your provider. Some other medications that can lead to rebound headaches include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), triptans, opioids, and caffeine. If your headaches gets worse or you get headaches more often than usual, let your provider know.
It's not recommended to take dihydroergotamine during pregnancy, because it can cause harm to you or your unborn baby. It might also cause you to go into labor too early. In animals, dihydroergotamine has caused low weight and bone problems in unborn babies. This is likely due to poor blood flow from pregnant mothers to their babies caused by dihydroergotamine.
Risk factors: Taking dihydroergotamine daily or long term
In some rare cases, people who took dihydroergotamine have experienced fibrosis (scarring) in their stomach, lungs, or heart. Take dihydroergotamine only as needed. If you feel like you need to take this medication every day, talk to your provider about your options for preventing headaches from happening.
About one-third of people who use Migranal nasal spray and about half of people who use Trudhesa nasal spray experience nasal irritation. This includes stuffy or runny nose, burning, dryness, taste changes, tingling, bloody nose, pain, sinus discomfort, or soreness. For most people, these side effects should resolve within 4 hours. Contact your provider if these side effects are too bothersome for you or if they don't go away.
Dosage | Quantity | Price as low as | Price per unit |
---|---|---|---|
1ml of 1mg/ml | 10 ampules | $243.50 | $24.35 |
Dosage | Quantity | Price as low as | Price per unit |
---|---|---|---|
10 ampules of 1mg/ml | 1 carton | $338.45 | $338.45 |
Dosage | Quantity | Price as low as | Price per unit |
---|---|---|---|
8 vials of 4mg/ml | 1 nasal spray | $269.43 | $269.43 |
Dosage | Quantity | Price as low as | Price per unit |
---|---|---|---|
1ml of 4mg/ml | 8 vials | $276.44 | $34.55 |
Nasal spray
Dihydroergotamine (Migranal): The typical dose is one spray (0.5 mg) in each nostril. If needed, you can repeat the dose after 15 minutes, for a total of four sprays (2 mg). Don't use more than six sprays (3 mg) in a 24-hour period or eight sprays (4 mg) within a 7-day period.
Trudhesa (dihydroergotamine): The typical dose is one spray (0.725 mg) in each nostril. If needed, you can repeat the dose at least 1 hour after the first dose. Don't use more than two doses in a 24-hour period or three doses in a 7-day period.
Injection
Dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45): The typical dose is 1 mg injected intramuscularly (into your muscle) or subcutaneously (under your skin) for a one-time dose. If needed, you can repeat the dose at least 1 hour after the first dose. Don't use more than three doses (3 mg) in a 24-hour period or more than six doses (6 mg) within a 7-day period.
Dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45) is also available as an intravenous (IV) infusion through your vein that's administered by a healthcare provider.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Take certain medications, such as macrolide antibiotics or protease inhibitors
Take other medications that tighten blood vessels
Take other ergot medications or triptans (also used for migraine) within 24 hours
Heart conditions, heart-related chest pain, or history of heart attack
High blood pressure that isn't well-controlled
Hemiplegic or basilar migraines
Blood circulation problems in the hands or feet (peripheral arterial disease)
Sepsis (extreme immune reaction to an infection)
Recent blood vessel surgery
Severe liver or kidney problems
Currently pregnant
Currently breastfeeding
Migraine headaches
Cluster headaches – injection form only
Treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura in people age 12 years and older
Headache pain caused by swollen or widened blood vessels (vascular headaches)
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