Key takeaways
Linezolid (Zyvox) and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra) are both antibiotics, but they belong to different classes and treat different types of infections. Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antibiotic used for serious infections like pneumonia and skin infections, including those caused by resistant bacteria like MRSA and VRE. It is available as a tablet, powder for suspension, and injection. On the other hand, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim is a combination of a sulfonamide and an antifolate, used for infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), ear infections, and certain types of pneumonia. It is available as a tablet, liquid suspension, and injection. Both come come in a lower-cost generic forms. Linezolid needs to be taken every 8 or 12 hours, while sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim is typically taken twice daily. Linezolid has a rare but serious risk of serotonin syndrome, especially when taken with other medications that affect serotonin levels, and it interacts with certain foods like aged cheeses and cured meats. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim can make your skin more sensitive to the sun and is not recommended for people with liver or kidney problems or those who are pregnant. Both antibiotics can cause side effects like nausea and diarrhea, but linezolid also has risks like low blood cell counts and nerve damage if taken for a long time. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim can cause severe allergic reactions and affect blood cell counts, especially in people with certain genetic conditions.
