Donepezil (Aricept) is a medication that's used to help adults with symptoms of dementia related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). It belongs to the drug class called cholinesterase inhibitors. Donepezil (Aricept) is taken once a day. It comes as both a brand-name and generic tablet that you swallow. There's also a generic orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) that melts on the tongue. Possible side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and trouble sleeping.
Dementia related to Alzheimer's disease (AD)
Donepezil (Aricept) is a cholinesterase inhibitor. It's not exactly clear how it helps with memory problems and other symptoms of dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease.
The medication blocks the body from breaking down acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a chemical in the brain has a key role in helping you learn and remember things. Raising the acetylcholine levels might help improve some symptoms of Alzheimer's-related dementia.
Source: DailyMed
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:
More common
loss of appetite
muscle cramps
trouble in sleeping
unusual tiredness or weakness
vomiting
Less common
Abnormal dreams
dizziness
drowsiness
fainting
headache
joint pain, stiffness, or swelling
mental depression
unusual bleeding or bruising
Rare
Black, tarry stools
bloody or cloudy urine
blurred vision
burning, prickling, or tingling sensations
cataract
chills
clumsiness or unsteadiness
confusion
decreased urination
difficult or painful urination
dryness of mouth
flushing of skin
frequent urge to urinate
high or low blood pressure
increase in sexual desire or performance
increased heart rate and breathing
increased sweating
increased urge to urinate during the night
irregular heartbeat
loss of bladder control
loss of bowel control
mood or mental changes, including abnormal crying, aggression, agitation, delusions, irritability, nervousness, or restlessness
pain in chest, upper stomach, or throat
problems with speech
severe thirst
shortness of breath
sunken eyes
tightness in chest
troubled breathing
wrinkled skin
Incidence not known
Back, leg, or stomach pains
bleeding gums
chest pain or discomfort
coma
convulsions
dark urine
difficulty breathing
fast or irregular heartbeat
general body swelling
general tiredness and weakness
high fever
increased thirst
indigestion
light-colored stools
muscle pain or cramps
nosebleeds
pains in stomach, side, or abdomen, possibly radiating to the back
pale skin
rash
seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there
seizures
severe muscle stiffness
severe nausea
slow or irregular heartbeat
stomach pain
sweating
swelling of face, ankles, or hands
tiredness
unusually pale skin
upper right abdominal or stomach pain
yellow eyes and skin
Symptoms of overdose
Convulsions (seizures)
increased sweating
increased watering of mouth
increasing muscle weakness
severe nausea
severe vomiting
slow heartbeat
troubled breathing
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
First-choice treatment option for Alzheimer's disease
Can help with all stages of Alzheimer's disease (mild, moderate, or severe)
Taken once a day with or without food
Dissolvable pills available for some people who have trouble swallowing pills (5 mg and 10 mg only)
Not a cure for Alzheimer's
Often causes nausea and diarrhea
Can have interactions with anticholinergic medications like oxybutynin and scopolamine (Transderm Scop)
Might not be a good option for people with a history of stomach ulcers or breathing problems
Take donepezil (Aricept) in the evening around bedtime. Taking it right before bedtime can help you sleep through some side effects like dizziness.
You can take donepezil (Aricept) with or without food. If you have nausea from the medication, taking it with food might help ease this side effect.
For the orally disintegrating tablet (ODT): Don't swallow the tablet whole. Place it on your tongue, and let the tablet dissolve. Drink a glass of water after the tablet dissolves to make sure you take your full dose.
Donepezil (Aricept) often causes diarrhea. If this happens, make sure to stay hydrated. Staying away from spicy, greasy, and high-fiber foods can also help with mild diarrhea. Watch for signs of dehydration and know when to get help. Ask a healthcare professional for more ways to manage diarrhea.
Try to avoid taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen (Advil). Taking them with donepezil (Aricept) can raise your risk of stomach ulcers and bleeding.
If you miss a dose of donepezil (Aricept), skip your missed dose. Wait to take your usual dose the next day. Don't take two doses at the same time to make up for a missed dose because this can raise your risk of side effects.
Donepezil (Aricept) can cause some serious health issues. This risk may be even higher for certain groups. If this worries you, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about other options.
Medications like donepezil (Aricept) can sometimes slow down your heartbeat. This can make you feel dizzy or out of breath. In some cases, slow heartbeat can lead to fainting. Let your prescriber know if you have any falls or start to feel lightheaded while taking donepezil (Aricept). They might need to lower your dose.
Risk factors: Taking a higher dose of donepezil (Aricept) | People weighing less than 121 lbs
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common side effects of donepezil (Aricept). These side effects are more common when you first start the medication and when you start a higher dose. They typically go away after a couple weeks of taking the same dose.
Tell your prescriber if you have nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea that bothers you a lot. This is important if the side effects keep you from taking your medication every day. Your prescriber can see how they can help you manage these side effects.
Risk factors: Taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) | History of stomach ulcers or bleeds | Taking the 23 mg dose of donepezil (Aricept)
Donepezil (Aricept) can raise the amount of stomach acid your body makes. Although rare, this can put you at risk of stomach ulcers and bleeds.
People who take the 23 mg dose of donepezil (Aricept) might have a higher risk of these stomach issues. NSAIDs can also raise the risk of stomach bleeding. Because of this, you should try to avoid taking NSAIDs, which are common in over-the-counter cold and pain medications, at the same time as donepezil (Aricept).
Talk to a healthcare professional if you have stomach pain, heartburn, or indigestion that gets worse while taking donepezil (Aricept). These could be signs of a stomach ulcer. Also, watch out for possible signs of stomach bleeding like red, black, or tarry stool. The healthcare professional can help figure out what's going on.
Risk factors: Taking a higher dose of donepezil (Aricept)
In studies, some people lost weight while taking donepezil (Aricept). In general, more people who took the 23 mg dose lost weight than those who took the 10 mg dose of the medication. Tell your prescriber if this worries you or if you notice unexpected weight loss.
Medications like donepezil (Aricept) can sometimes make it harder to fully empty your bladder. Tell your prescriber if you have any trouble urinating.
Risk factors: Asthma | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Tell your prescriber if you have breathing problems, like asthma or COPD. Medications like donepezil (Aricept) might affect breathing. Your prescriber can talk to you about the risks and benefits of taking donepezil (Aricept).
Mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: The usual starting dose is 5 mg by mouth once in the evening before bedtime. If needed, the prescriber can raise the dose up to a maximum of 10 mg each day.
Moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease: The usual starting dose is 5 mg by mouth once in the evening before bedtime. If needed, the prescriber can raise the dose up to a maximum of 23 mg each day.
The 5 mg and 10 mg doses come as tablets you swallow and orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) that melt on your tongue. The 23 mg dose only comes as a tablet you swallow whole.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Allergy to medications related to piperidines, such as loratadine (Claritin) and loperamide (Imodium A-D)
Dementia related to Alzheimer's disease (AD)
Dementia related to Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease
Moderate-to-severe dementia related to Alzheimer's disease (AD)
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