Is Pneumonia Contagious?

Pneumonia is one of several illnesses that affect the respiratory system. The respiratory system includes your nose, throat, airways, and lungs. You may have many questions if you or someone you love is sick with pneumonia. And one of those questions may be whether you should worry about pneumonia being contagious. Pneumonia itself isn’t contagious. But the germs that cause pneumonia can pass from person to person. 

What is pneumonia?

Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue. It’s a type of lower respiratory tract infection. Pneumonia can be caused by viruses, bacteria, and sometimes fungi. 

When people get sick with pneumonia they can develop an infection in one or both lungs. They can also develop infection in a section (lobe) of their lung or throughout the entire lung. It’s also possible for the infection to start in one part of the lung and then spread to the rest of the lung or even the other lung. 

Each case of pneumonia is unique. Some people who get sick with pneumonia only develop mild symptoms while others develop very severe illness. And people who get sick with pneumonia more than once may also have very different experiences each time they get sick. 

This happens because some germs that cause pneumonia tend to make people more sick than others. People also tend to develop more severe illnesses if they are older or have other health conditions. 

Can you get pneumonia from someone who has it? 

You cannot get pneumonia from someone who has pneumonia. Pneumonia itself isn’t contagious. But many of the viruses, bacteria, and fungi that cause pneumonia are contagious. You can pick up these germs from someone who’s sick with pneumonia. 

But you might not develop pneumonia if you get sick with one of these germs. Viruses and bacteria that cause pneumonia also cause other respiratory illnesses like:

• Sinus infection (sinusitis)

• The common cold 

• Bronchitis

It’s impossible to predict if someone will develop pneumonia when they get sick with pneumonia-causing germs. But you may be at higher risk for developing pneumonia from one of these germs if:

• You’re over 65 years old.

• You have a weakened immune system or diabetes.

• You have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or another lung condition.

• You have a chronic heart or liver condition.

• You smoke.

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You’re also more likely to develop pneumonia if you haven’t been vaccinated against viruses and bacteria that can cause pneumonia. 

How does pneumonia spread?

Pneumonia doesn’t spread. But the viruses and bacteria that cause pneumonia can spread from person to person. Here’s how this works.

Viruses

Viruses that cause pneumonia spread through respiratory droplets. When someone is sick and they talk, sneeze, or cough, they expel tiny droplets of water. These droplets contain viruses and bacteria. If another person breathes in these droplets, they can get sick, too.  

Viruses that cause pneumonia include:

• The flu virus

• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

• Coronavirus

• Common cold viruses

People with viral pneumonia are most contagious for the first few days of their illness. Most people stop being contagious after about a week. 

Bacteria 

Some bacteria that cause pneumonia also spread through respiratory droplets. For example, Mycoplasma pneumoniae spreads through respiratory droplets and is a major cause of walking pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumoniae can also spread through respiratory droplets. It can cause severe pneumonia.

But other bacteria that cause pneumonia don’t spread this way. Legionella is a bacteria that can cause serious pneumonia. Legionella grows in water and can contaminate common items like  air conditioners, whirlpools, hot tubs, and humidifiers. You can only get sick with legionella if you breathe in water droplets from water sources that are contaminated with the bacteria. 

People with bacterial pneumonia can spread the bacteria until they start treatment with antibiotics. People stop being contagious after taking antibiotics for 48 hours. 

Fungi

Some fungi can also cause pneumonia. The most common causes of fungal pneumonia are:

• Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever)

• Histoplasmosis

• Blastomycosis

These fungi don’t pass from person to person. Fungal pneumonia is never contagious. You can only get sick with fungal pneumonia by breathing in these fungi from sources like contaminated soil. 

What can you do to prevent pneumonia?

Pneumonia can be a very serious illness. But there are steps you can take to lower your risk of developing pneumonia. Many actions that help prevent illnesses from the flu or COVID will also lower your risk of getting sick with pneumonia. These include:

• Frequent handwashing

• Not touching your eyes, nose, and mouth

• Avoiding people who are sick

• Disinfecting frequently touched surfaces

You can also avoid getting pneumonia by keeping your immune system strong by:

• Getting enough sleep

• Eating foods that are rich in vitamins and minerals

• Not smoking and limiting alcohol

It’s also important to stay up to date with vaccinations. Vaccines that protect against viruses and bacteria that cause pneumonia can keep you healthy. Consider getting vaccinated against:

• RSV 

• The flu

• COVID

• Pneumococcus

Your healthcare team can help you decide if one or more of these vaccines is right for you.

Why trust our experts?

Written by:

Eunice Kang, MD, CPH

Eunice Kang, MD, CPH, practiced internal medicine before transitioning to clinical research. She has worked as a residency program director at Norwalk Hospital, and has taught at Yale University and the University of Vermont.

Edited by:

Patricia Pinto-Garcia, MD, MPH

Patricia Pinto-Garcia, MD, MPH, is a medical editor at GoodRx. She is a licensed, board-certified pediatrician with more than a decade of experience in academic medicine.

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