tiopronin
Tiopronin (Thiola) works well at preventing cystine kidney stones. You have to drink plenty of water and limit salt and animal protein in your diet to get the maximum results from this medication.
What is Tiopronin (Thiola)?
What is Tiopronin (Thiola) used for?
- Prevention of cystine kidney stones
How Tiopronin (Thiola) works
Cystine doesn't dissolve well in your urine. Tiopronin (Thiola) attaches to cystine in your urine and goes through a chemical reaction that makes it dissolve more easily. By lowering the amount of cystine in your urine, tiopronin (Thiola) keeps cystine kidney stones from forming.
Drug facts
Side effects of Tiopronin (Thiola)
The following side effects may get better over time as your body gets used to the medication. Let your healthcare provider know immediately if you continue to experience these symptoms or if they worsen over time.
Common Side Effects
- Nausea (12–25%)
- Diarrhea or soft stools (6–18%)
- Canker sores (12–18%)
- Fatigue (14%)
- Rash (12–14%)
- Joint paint (12%)
- Weakness (4–12%)
- Vomiting (10%)
- Protein in your urine (6–10%)
- Fever (8%)
Less Common Side Effects
- Allergic reactions that can cause fever, rash, joint pain, and swollen lymph nodes
- Loss of appetite (8%)
- Chest pain (6%)
- Swelling (6%)
- Bruising (6%)
- Wrinkly skin (6%)
- Stomach pain (6%)
- Trouble getting an erection (6%)
- Cough (6%)
- Itching (4–6%)
- Low red blood cell count (2–6%)
The following Tiopronin (Thiola) side effects have also been reported
Side effects that you should report to your care team as soon as possible:
- Allergic reactions—skin rash, itching, hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat
- Kidney injury—decrease in the amount of urine, swelling of the ankles, hands, or feet
Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (Report these to your care team if they continue or are bothersome.):
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Pros and cons of Tiopronin (Thiola)
Pros
- Works well at preventing cystine kidney stones from coming back
- Can be mixed with applesauce for people who have trouble swallowing pills or for children
Cons
- Taken 3 times per day
- To get the most out of tiopronin (Thiola), you’ll need to change your diet and drink more water.
- Need to have regular urine tests done
- Thiola EC isn't available in a generic form, so it can be more expensive.
Pharmacist tips for Tiopronin (Thiola)
- To get the best results from this medication, it's important that you drink plenty of fluids and lower the amount of salt and animal protein in your diet. Try to drink around 4 liters of water per day and limit salt to around 2,300 mg per day.
- If you're taking the immediate-release tablets (Thiola), take the medication 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal.
- If you're taking the delayed-release tablets (Thiola EC), it can be taken with or without food, but it's important that you take it the same way consistently either with a meal or on an empty stomach. Also, don't drink alcohol 2 hours before or 3 hours after taking Thiola EC. Alcohol can cause the medication to be released faster in your body, which can raise your risk of side effects.
- Swallow the tablet whole. For people who have trouble swallowing pills or for children, tiopronin (Thiola) can be crushed and mixed with applesauce. To mix it in applesauce, crush one tablet in a pill crusher or mortar and pestle. Pour about 1 tablespoon of applesauce into the container that you crushed the tablet in and mix well. It's best to take the applesauce mixture right away after it's mixed, but if that's not possible, the mixture can be stored in the refrigerator for 2 hours maximum after the components were mixed. Toss any mixture that has not been taken within 2 hours. To make sure that you've taken all of the medication, rinse the container with a small amount of water and drink the remaining water.
Common questions about Tiopronin (Thiola)
Your provider will order a 24-hour urine test (where you collect your urine in a container over a 24-hour period) 1 month after you start taking tiopronin (Thiola) and every 3 months after that. They will also want a sample of your urine before you start tiopronin (Thiola) and every 3 to 6 months while you're taking the medication.
It's not known if tiopronin (Thiola) gets into your breast milk, but the medication can lower your prolactin levels, which can affect your milk supply. Because of this, it's not recommended to breastfeed while you're taking tiopronin (Thiola).
Keeping your diet low in sodium (around 2,300 mg per day or less) and animal protein can lower the amount of cystine in your urine, which can help prevent your kidney stones from coming back.
Drinking plenty of water while taking tiopronin (Thiola) will help dilute cystine in your urine. This will help prevent and treat your kidney stones. Try to drink around 4 liters of water per day.
Tiopronin (Thiola) is an immediate-release tablet, which means the medication is released into your body right after you take it. Thiola EC (tiopronin) has a coating on it that causes it to be a delayed-release tablet, which means the medication is released into your body at a later time, usually after it passes through your stomach.
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Risks and warnings for Tiopronin (Thiola)
Tiopronin (Thiola) can cause some serious health issues. This risk may be even higher for certain groups. If this worries you, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about other options.
Protein in your urine
- Risk factors: Children taking more than 50 mg/kg bodyweight per day of tiopronin (Thiola)
Tiopronin (Thiola) can cause kidney disorders that can lead to high protein levels in your urine. The risk of this is higher for children who take more than 50 mg/kg bodyweight per day of tiopronin (Thiola). Your healthcare provider will test your urine occasionally in order to watch for protein.
Similarities to d-penicillamine
- Risk factors: History of side effects from d-penicillamine
Tiopronin (Thiola) has a similar structure to d-penicillamine (also known as penicillamine), which is a medication used to treat kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, and copper buildup in your body. Because of this, your provider might prescribe a lower dose of tiopronin (Thiola) if you've had side effects from d-penicillamine in the past.
Tiopronin (Thiola) dosage
Tablet| Dosage | Quantity | Price as low as | Price per unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg | 100 tablets | $704.28 | $7.04 |
Typical dosage for Tiopronin (Thiola)
-
Adults: The typical starting dose is 800 mg by mouth daily, split into 3 separate doses.
-
Children (weighing 20 kg or more): The typical starting dose is 15 mg/kg bodyweight per day, split into 3 separate doses.
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Tiopronin (Thiola) contraindications
Contraindications are specific health conditions or situations in which a person should not take a medication due to safety concerns. If you have any of the following conditions or if any of the following apply to you, let your healthcare provider know because Tiopronin (Thiola) will not be safe for you to take.
- Allergy or sensitivity to tiopronin (Thiola)
Tiopronin (Thiola) images
