Everything You Need to Know About Immune Thrombocytopenia
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare blood disorder. It often occurs when the immune system attacks platelets, leading to a range of health issues.
eltrombopag
Used for Anemia, Thrombocytopenia
Used for Anemia, Thrombocytopenia
Promacta (eltrombopag) is an oral medication used to treat specific blood-related conditions like immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). It’s also used with other medications to raise platelet levels in people with long-term hepatitis C. Common side effects include nausea, fever, tiredness, and headache. Currently Promacta (eltrombopag) is a brand-name medication only, so generics aren't available on the market.
What is Promacta (eltrombopag)?
What is Promacta (eltrombopag) used for?
- Low platelet count in people with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) when other medications haven’t worked - adults and children
- Low platelet count in people with long-term hepatitis C - adults only
- Used alone or with other medications in people who can’t make enough blood cells (severe aplastic anemia) - adults and children
How Promacta (eltrombopag) works
Promacta (eltrombopag) is a thrombopoietin receptor (TPO) agonist, meaning it acts like TPO. TPO is a natural hormone that tells your bone marrow to make more blood cells.
By working like TPO, Promacta (eltrombopag) raises the level of platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells in your body. This is important because having a healthy level of these components helps to lower your risk for bleeding, fight against infections, and makes sure enough oxygen is carried throughout your body.
Drug facts
| Common Brands | Promacta |
|---|---|
| Drug Class | Thrombopoietin receptor agonist |
| Controlled Substance Classification | Not a controlled medication |
| Generic Status | No lower-cost generic available |
| Availability | Prescription only |
Side effects of Promacta (eltrombopag)
The following side effects may get better over time as your body gets used to the medication. Let your healthcare provider know immediately if you continue to experience these symptoms or if they worsen over time.
Common Side Effects
Long-term ITP and severe/refractory aplastic anemia:
- Nausea (4-33%)
- Fever (9-14%)
- Tiredness (5-28%)
- Cough (9-23%)
- Headache (10-21%)
- Diarrhea (9-21%)
The risk of developing these side effects depends on your dose.
Long-term hepatitis C:
- Low red blood cell levels (anemia) (40%)
- Fever (30%)
- Tiredness (28%)
- Headache (21%)
- Nausea (19%)
- Diarrhea (19%)
People with hepatitis C who reported side effects were also taking interferon and ribavirin together with Promacta (eltrombopag). All of the listed side effects for people with long-term hepatitis C might not be caused by Promacta (eltrombopag) alone.
Less Common Side Effects
- Flu virus
- Muscle pain
- New or worsening cloudiness in the eye (cataracts)
- Back pain
- Tingling feeling
Promacta (eltrombopag) serious side effects
Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you experience any of the following.
- Liver damage: stomach swelling, dark stool or urine, tiredness, confusion, and yellowing of the skin or eyes
- Blood clot in the liver: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea
- Other types of blood clots: legs, (redness, pain, tenderness, swelling of the skin), lungs (cough, difficulty breathing, chest pain), heart attack (chest pain, pain in the arms or shoulders, pain in the neck or jaw), stroke (difficulty speaking, numbness on one side of the body, confusion)
The following Promacta (eltrombopag) side effects have also been reported
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
More common
Bloating or swelling of the face, arms, hands, lower legs, or feet
body aches or pain
chills
difficulty with breathing
headache
loss of voice
pain in the chest, groin, or legs, especially the calves
pale skin
rapid weight gain
severe, sudden headache
slurred speech
sudden loss of coordination
sudden, severe weakness or numbness in the arm or leg
tingling of the hands or feet
troubled breathing with exertion
unusual tiredness or weakness
unusual weight gain or loss
yellow eyes or skin
Less common
Bladder pain
blindness
blurred or decreased vision
bruising
burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling feelings
general feeling of discomfort or illness
hoarseness
joint pain
lower back or side pain
muscle aches and pains
pinpoint red spots on the skin
redness of the eye
shivering
sweating
tender, swollen glands in the neck
trouble sleeping
trouble swallowing
voice changes
vomiting
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
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Pros and cons of Promacta (eltrombopag)
Pros
- Oral tablet taken once daily by mouth
- Also available as an oral suspension, which is a good option for people who have trouble swallowing
- Can be used in young children
- No injection is required
Cons
- Risk of blood clots and liver damage
- Is a specialty drug that might not be available at all local pharmacies
- Might need to undergo many dose changes until the right dose is found
- Oral suspension preparation and administration can be difficult for some people
Pharmacist tips for Promacta (eltrombopag)
- Promacta (eltrombopag) can be taken without a meal or with a meal that's low in calcium. Avoid taking it with foods high in calcium like cheese, yogurt, milk, spinach, and collard greens. It should also be taken 2 hours before or 4 hours after other medications. This is because certain foods and other medications can cause Promacta (eltrombopag) to not work as well as it should.
- Promacta (eltrombopag) can cause blood clots to form since the medication stimulates the bone marrow to make more blood cells. Clots caused by Promacta (eltrombopag) are most often seen in the liver. Contact your healthcare provider if you start experiencing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
- Promacta (eltrombopag) can also cause blood clots to form in your legs and lungs. If you start experiencing symptoms like redness, pain, and swelling in your legs, contact your healthcare provider as these could be signs of a blood clot in your legs. If you start experiencing chest pain, a cough, or difficulty breathing, contact your healthcare provider as these could be signs of a blood clot in your lungs.
- If you stop taking Promacta (eltrombopag), your risk of bleeding is higher, especially if you’re taking blood thinners (e.g. warfarin (Coumadin) or Xarelto (rivaroxaban)). If you start to experience bruising, dark-colored stool and urine, or dizziness, contact your healthcare provider right away.
- Don’t crush or split Promacta (eltrombopag) tablets. And don’t mix the tablets into food or drinks. Doing so will make the tablets not work as well. If you or your child have difficulty swallowing tablets, Promacta (eltrombopag) is also available as an oral suspension.
- If you are taking the Promacta (eltrombopag) oral suspension, read the Instructions for Use before mixing the medication. The powder packets must be mixed with 20 mL of cold water. Don't mix the powder with hot water because it can damage the medication. The oral suspension needs to be taken within 30 minutes of mixing.
Risks and warnings for Promacta (eltrombopag)
Promacta (eltrombopag) can cause some serious health issues. This risk may be even higher for certain groups. If this worries you, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about other options.
Liver damage
- Risk factors: Also taking interferon and ribavirin | History of liver problems
Promacta (eltrombopag) can cause liver damage regardless of what it’s being used for. Your risk is higher if you have hepatitis C and are also taking interferon and ribavirin, medications that treat hepatitis C. Blood work must be done regularly to check your liver health. If you experience stomach swelling, darkening of the urine, yellowing of the skin or eyes, confusion, tiredness, or right upper stomach pain, contact your healthcare provider right away, because you might need to stop the medication.
Blood clots
- Risk factors: Older than 65 years of age | Obesity | Lack of physical activity | History of clots | Smoking | Other medical conditions that raise your risk for clots | Taking higher doses of Promacta (eltrombopag)
Promacta (eltrombopag) can cause blood clots because it raises platelet levels. Additional risk factors for blood clots include smoking, age greater than 65 years old, history of blood clots, obesity, and lack of physical activity. You’ll need regular blood work done to not only check that the medication is working, but also to make sure you're not at risk for developing a blood clot. Blood clots linked with Promacta (eltrombopag) are mostly seen in the liver. If you start to experience symptoms like abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, get medical help right away because this could be a sign of a blood clot in your liver.
In addition, Promacta (eltrombopag) can also cause clots to form in other parts of the body, including your legs and lungs. If you start to experience swelling, redness, pain in your legs, difficulty breathing, chest pain, or a cough, contact your doctor right away. Clots in other parts of the body can lead to other problems including heart attack and stroke. If you experience chest pain, pain in the arms or shoulders, pain in the neck or jaw, difficulty speaking, numbness on one side of the body, or confusion, contact your healthcare provider right away.
Higher risk of serious blood cancer and death in people with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
- Risk factors: People with MDS
People with MDS, a type of blood cancer, who take Promacta (eltrombopag) are at higher risk for developing a more serious type of blood cancer called acute myeloid leukemia (AML). which can lead to death. Let your healthcare provider know if you have any type of MDS or blood cancers before starting Promacta (eltrombopag).
Cataracts
- Risk factors: Older than 65 years of age | History of cataracts | Smoking | Diabetes | High blood pressure | History of eye injury | Taking steroids for a long period of time
People taking Promacta (eltrombopag) could develop new or worsening cataracts, or cloudiness in the eye. You are at a higher risk of developing cataracts if you are older than 65 years of age, are a current smoker, have high blood pressure, have diabetes, or if you’ve taken steroids for a long period of time. You’re recommended to get an eye exam before starting Promacta (eltrombopag) and then regularly throughout treatment. If you start experiencing symptoms like blurry vision, difficulty seeing at night, or double vision, contact your healthcare provider.
Promacta (eltrombopag) dosage
Typical dosage for Promacta (eltrombopag)
Low platelet count in people with long-term ITP:
-
Adults and children ages 6 and older: The typical starting dose is 50 mg by mouth once daily.
-
Children ages 1 to 5 years old: The typical starting dose is 25 mg by mouth once daily.
Your healthcare provider will adjust your dose based on your platelet levels. The maximum dose is 75 mg a day. Your dose might be lowered if you’re of East Asian or Southeast Asian descent, or if you have liver problems.
Low platelet count in people with long-term hepatitis C:
- The typical starting dose is 25 mg by mouth once daily. Your healthcare provider will adjust your dose based on your platelet levels. The maximum dose is 100 mg a day.
Severe aplastic anemia as a first-choice treatment:
-
Adults and children ages 12 and older: The typical starting dose is 150 mg by mouth once daily for 6 months.
-
Children ages 6 to 11 years old: The typical starting dose is 75 mg by mouth once daily for 6 months.
-
Children ages 2 to 5 years old: The starting dose will depend on your child’s weight. The typical starting dose is 2.5 mg/kg by mouth once daily for 6 months.
Your dose might be lowered if you’re of East Asian or Southeast Asian descent, or if you have liver problems.
Severe aplastic anemia that hasn’t responded to treatment (refractory):
- Adults and children ages 2 and older: The typical starting dose is 50 mg by mouth once daily.
Your healthcare provider will adjust your dose based on your platelet levels. The maximum dose is 150 mg a day. Your dose might be lowered if you’re of East Asian or Southeast Asian descent, or if you have liver problems.
Interactions between Promacta (eltrombopag) and other drugs
Promacta (eltrombopag) may interact with certain medications or supplements. Always let your doctor and pharmacist know about any other medications or supplements (including prescribed and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, and dietary or herbal supplements) that you are currently taking. The list below does not include all possible drug interactions with Promacta (eltrombopag). Please note that only the generic name of each medication is listed below.
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.
- Elagolix
- Grazoprevir
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
- Alpelisib
- Aluminum
- Berotralstat
- Calcium
- Eluxadoline
- Iron
- Magnesium
- Ozanimod
- Pexidartinib
- Pixantrone
- Revefenacin
- Rimegepant
- Selenium
- Simvastatin
- Topotecan
- Ubrogepant
- Zinc
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
How much does Promacta (eltrombopag) cost?
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Promacta (brand)
$7,519.69
What are alternatives to Promacta (eltrombopag)?
There are a number of medications that your doctor can prescribe in place of Promacta (eltrombopag). Compare a few possible alternatives below.
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