How Scrambler Therapy Can Help Chronic Pain

Scrambler therapy is a type of noninvasive treatment for chronic pain. It uses a device that delivers electrical impulses to your nerves to change the way you perceive pain signals. 

People with chronic pain may not get relief from pain medications alone, and often other treatments like behavioral strategies don’t offer enough pain relief. So using alternative approaches to pain management can be an important part of treatment. 

One promising approach is to target pain signals directly with electrical stimulation devices like scrambler therapy. In fact, these types of devices are also used to help prevent and reduce migraines.  

Read on to learn how scrambler therapy works and if you should consider it to help treat your pain. 

What is scrambler therapy?

Scrambler therapy uses a device to treat chronic pain and other types of pain. It’s based on a theory that you can retrain your brain to interpret pain signals differently.

The device sends electrical impulses through the skin into nerve endings. The stimulation targets pain signals and reorganizes or “scrambles” them. Your brain then may interpret the signals as nonpainful messages. 

Scrambler therapy is performed in a medical office or pain clinic by a professional trained in the procedure. Though it has similarities to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) units, it cannot be done at home.

What does scrambler therapy feel like?

During the procedure, electrodes, like those used for an electrocardiogram (EKG), are placed near the areas where you have pain. They are not placed directly where you have pain. 

When the device is turned on, electrical impulses penetrate through the skin to stimulate nerve fibers. The treatment may be a little uncomfortable. Some people report that it feels like little bee stings at first. The intensity of the stimulation can be adjusted if it’s too uncomfortable. 

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The feeling will change to a more comfortable humming or vibrating sensation in the nerve. A treatment lasts 30 to 45 minutes. By the end of the session, you may feel less or no pain. 

Usually therapy consists of daily treatments for 1 to 2 weeks. On the first day, your pain relief may only last an hour or so, but each day, the pain relief lasts longer until the pain doesn’t return at all. 

Pain relief is supposed to last for weeks to months after treatment is stopped. When pain starts to return, one to two booster treatments may provide ongoing relief. 

What conditions does scrambler therapy help treat?

Scrambler therapy may help with several types of pain. You may experience short-term pain relief but no one knows how long that relief will last. Studies only have evidence of 2 to 4 weeks of relief from treatment. Pain is complex and has many different causes, and people react differently to treatments.

Studies have looked at people with different types of pain — chronic pain, pain related to cancer, and neuropathic pain (related to nerve damage). 

Chronic pain

Chronic pain is defined as pain that lasts longer than 3 to 6 months. One study found that scrambler therapy reduced chronic pain symptoms by about 50%. The trial found that the number of people who experienced severe pain dropped from 76 before treatment to 16 after treatment. But participants were only followed for 2 weeks, so it’s not clear if they experienced pain relief after that time.

In a review of studies, researchers found that people who used scrambler therapy took less pain medication (such as opioids). That can lower the risk of side effects from these treatments. 

Cancer pain

Pain affects 50% to 70% of people with cancer. Pain can be a symptom of cancer, and it can be a side effect of cancer treatments. For example, chemotherapy can cause nerve damage that leads to pain. That’s called chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

The research on using scrambler therapy for cancer pain is still limited, but the studies tend to show that it may help reduce pain. 

A small study of people with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy found that scrambler therapy reduced their pain, numbness, and tingling.

Neuropathic pain

Neuropathic pain is usually caused by injury or damage to a nerve. Diabetes is one common cause of neuropathic pain. 

One study found that scrambler therapy offered significant short-term pain relief in people being treated for severe neuropathic pain. And another small study found it reduced severe pain in people with diabetic neuropathy for about a month after treatment, but they didn’t have longer-term relief.   

How much does scrambler therapy cost?

Scrambler therapy received FDA clearance in 2009. But it’s considered investigational because there’s no evidence showing that it works consistently for most people or that it provides lasting pain relief. That means that Medicare and most insurers don’t cover this therapy. 

The cost of the procedure can range from $200 to $300, but it may be as high as $500 per session. The cost varies by your location and the specific center. Treatment usually consists of 10 to 12 sessions over 2 weeks.

Who should not use scrambler therapy? 

Scrambler therapy may be safe for most people. But it’s not recommended for people with certain health conditions. The professional who’s treating you will ask you about your medical history to make sure it’s safe for you to get the treatment. People with these conditions may not be able to use scrambler therapy:

• Having a pacemaker or automatic defibrillator

• Having an aneurysm clip, vena cava clips, or skull plates

• Being pregnant or breastfeeding

• Having a history of epilepsy or brain damage

• Having severe arrhythmia or severe heart disease

• Having skin irritation or wounds near the area that would be treated

• Having an implanted drug delivery system 

What are the best alternatives to scrambler therapy?

Another treatment that uses electrical current to treat pain is called TENS, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. TENS can be done in a physical therapy or pain clinic or you can buy a TENS machine to use at home. (You can buy a TENS machine in stores or online. They cost between $30 to $70.) 

Although both scrambler therapy and TENS use electrical nerve stimulation, they target different nerves. TENS units use electrical impulses to block pain signals or distract the brain. Scrambler therapy uses electrical impulses to trick the brain into thinking the impulses are not painful.

One review of the research found that TENS may help provide immediate pain relief for musculoskeletal pain like arthritis. But other reviews have found that there’s a lack of good studies showing it’s effective.

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Written by:

Jessica Migala

Jessica Migala has been a full-time freelance health journalist for over a dozen years. She specializes in health, medical, nutrition, fitness, and lifestyle.

Edited by:

Laurie Tarkan

Laurie Tarkan is a senior health editor for general health and well-being at GoodRx. She has an extensive background in health journalism, and wrote regularly for The New York Times for a decade.

Reviewed by:

Patricia Pinto-Garcia, MD, MPH

Patricia Pinto-Garcia, MD, MPH, is a medical editor at GoodRx. She is a licensed, board-certified pediatrician with more than a decade of experience in academic medicine.

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