Ursodiol for Dogs: A Medication to Treat Liver Disease and Gallbladder Problems
Key takeaways:
Ursodiol (Actigall) is a medication that can help improve bile flow in dogs with certain liver or gallbladder issues.
As a bile acid, ursodiol works by reducing cholesterol in bile and replacing harmful bile acids that accumulate and cause damage.
Some dogs may develop diarrhea while taking ursodiol. It should not be given to dogs who have a bile flow blockage.
Table of contents
Liver disease and gallbladder issues are common in dogs, especially as they get older. Ursodiol (Actigall) is a medication veterinarians often prescribe for dogs with issues in their gallbladder and liver bile ducts.
Continue reading to learn how veterinarians prescribe and use ursodiol for dogs.
Ursodiol for dogs at a glance
Common names | Ursodiol (Actigall) |
What it treats | Liver, gallbladder, and bile duct issues |
How it comes (forms) | Capsules, tablets |
Dosage | Depends on your dog’s weight and the issue being treated |
Common side effects | Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting |
Average cost |
What is ursodiol for dogs, and what is it used for?
Veterinarians prescribe ursodiol to dogs for a few reasons. These include:
Reducing an abnormal amount of bile sludge in the gallbladder
Protecting liver cells if your dog has inflammatory liver disease
Reducing the risk of gallbladder problems in dogs with Cushing’s disease, diabetes, or hypothyroidism
Reducing the risk of a gallbladder mucocele, a dangerous buildup of mucous
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In dogs with gallstones or a mucocele, ursodiol may be prescribed to help protect the gallbladder and bile ducts from extra damage. But in both cases, your dog will need surgery to remove the gallstones or mucocele.
How does ursodiol work for dogs?
Ursodiol (ursodeoxycholic acid, or UDCA) works for dogs because it is a bile acid (in medication form). A bile acid is a substance made by the body from cholesterol. Bile acids help with digestion, especially of fats.
Ursodiol works by replacing harmful bile acids that collect in the gallbladder and bile ducts. This helps improve bile flow. Ursodiol also decreases the liver’s production of cholesterol and absorption by the intestine. This reduces cholesterol in the bile. It is also an antioxidant and can reduce inflammation.
What is the dosage of ursodiol for dogs, and how is it given?
A veterinarian will determine the best dosage of ursodiol for your dog. The medication comes as either a capsule or a tablet.
Ursodiol may be given once a day. You can also split the daily dose, giving it every 12 hours.
Ursodiol is not FDA approved for use in dogs. Dogs are prescribed ursodiol off-label, which is common in veterinary medicine.
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Once your dog starts ursodiol, the vet may want to schedule a recheck. This may include blood work or ultrasound checks of the liver and gallbladder.
What should you do if your dog misses a dose of ursodiol?
What to do if you miss giving your dog a dose of ursodiol will depend on whether they get the medication once or twice a day.
Once a day
If your dog takes ursodiol once a day and it’s been less than 12 hours since the missed dose, give the next dose as soon as possible. But if it’s been more than 12 hours since your dog’s missed dose, it’s best to skip the missed dose. Then give your dog the next dose as scheduled.
Twice a day
For dogs who take ursodiol twice a day, and it’s been less than 6 hours since they missed a dose, give the missed dose as soon as possible. If it’s been more than 6 hours since your dog missed their ursodiol, wait until their next regular dose is due before giving the medication.
What are the common side effects of ursodiol in dogs?
The most common side effect dogs have while taking ursodiol is diarrhea. Less often, they may have an upset stomach or vomiting.
Most dogs tolerate ursodiol very well. Side effects are considered rare.
What are the most serious risks of ursodiol for dogs?
Serious risks can occur in dogs taking ursodiol if they have a blocked bile duct. Ursodiol works to improve bile flow, so more serious side effects may occur if there is no flow at all.
If you’re concerned about side effects you notice in your dog, contact a veterinarian for advice. For serious concerns, or in the event of an overdose, take your dog to an emergency animal hospital.
Does ursodiol interact with other dog medications?
Ursodiol can interact with several other dog medications, including:
Aluminum-containing antacids (aluminum hydroxide)
Cholestyramine
Estrogen
Fibrates, such as gemfibrozil
An interaction does not mean you cannot use these medications with ursodiol. But it’s important to discuss with your veterinarian all medications your dog is taking to reduce the chance of serious risks.
The bottom line
Ursodiol (Actigall) is a medication for dogs that may improve bile flow. It’s prescribed to reduce the risk of bile sludge buildup, mucocele, and gallstones. The medication is available for dogs as a tablet or capsule, and it’s given once or twice a day, depending on what your dog needs. Ursodiol usually has few side effects, which can include diarrhea, vomiting, or an upset stomach. Work with your dog’s veterinarian to decide if ursodiol is the right choice for your dog’s health conditions.
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References
American College of Veterinary Surgeons. (n.d.). Gallbladder mucocele.
Brooks, W. (2024). Ursodiol (Actigall). Veterinary Partner.
Budde, J. A., et al. (2023). Ursodiol. Plumb’s Veterinary Drug Handbook, 10th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.
Dowling, P. M. (2024). Drugs that affect digestive functions in monogastric animals. Merck Veterinary Manual.
DVMetrics. (2021). Ursodiol and ursodeoxycholic acid - full version.
Tams, T. R. (2011). Management of chronic liver disease in dogs (proceedings). DVM360.
