Do Opioids Like Oxycodone Cause Constipation? Yes, Here’s How

Oxycodone (Roxicodone, Oxycontin) belongs to a class of medications called opioids that are used to treat pain. Similar to other opioids, one of the most common side effects you may experience while taking it is constipation.

When you’re in pain, the added discomfort from constipation can be frustrating. Especially if you’re taking opioids for chronic pain, constipation can start affecting your quality of life.

But how exactly do opioids like oxycodone cause constipation? And is there anything you can do about it? We answer those questions and more below.

How does oxycodone cause constipation?

Like other opioids, oxycodone works by binding to targets in the brain and nervous system, which can help relieve pain.

However, these same targets are also found in the gut where they play a role in regulating bowel movements. When opioids bind to these targets, they can have several effects, including:

• Slowing down the movement of food and waste through the digestive tract

• Decreasing the secretion of fluids into the intestines

• Increasing the absorption of fluid out of the intestines

• Causing the muscles of the anus to tighten

In other words, oxycodone can prevent your digestive tract from working as it should — resulting in constipation. Constipation isn’t guaranteed to happen to everyone taking opioids like oxycodone, but it’s very common.

For some people, constipation from opioids develops gradually over time. But it can develop at any time, even shortly after starting treatment. Symptoms can include bloating, straining, and difficulty passing stool completely.

So, are certain opioids less constipating than others? Possibly. For example, tramadol may be less likely to cause constipation compared to an opioid like oxycodone.

How long will opioids make you constipated?

The short answer: Constipation from opioids typically lasts as long as you’re taking them.

For those taking opioids short term, this discomfort should resolve after you finish treatment. But if you’re taking opioids for chronic pain, constipation can be a long-term issue. So, it’s important to discuss your options with your healthcare provider if constipation develops.

How can you prevent constipation while taking oxycodone?

If you’re just getting started on an opioid like oxycodone, your healthcare provider and pharmacist can give you tips for how to prevent constipation. This will typically include lifestyle changes, as well as over-the-counter (OTC) medications.

• Drinking plenty of fluids. Staying hydrated can help soften stool and make it easier to pass.

• Increasing your fiber intake. Fiber can help add bulk to stool and make it easier to pass. Good sources of fiber include fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and beans.

• Getting regular exercise. Regular physical activity can help stimulate the digestive system and promote bowel movements. Talk to your provider about which types of physical activity are best for your situation.

• Taking an OTC laxative. Your healthcare provider or pharmacist may suggest taking an OTC laxative proactively before constipation starts. They can suggest which ones may be best for you.

Keep in mind: The tips listed above don’t address the underlying cause of constipation from oxycodone. So, constipation is still possible. But they may help make your symptoms more manageable if it happens.

What can you do to relieve constipation from oxycodone?

If you develop constipation from oxycodone or other opioids, you’ve got some options. First, it’s important to stick to the lifestyle changes listed above. This will help give you a good foundation for any other treatments that are added on.

Additional steps can include:

• Checking your medication list. There are medications beyond opioids that can cause constipation as a side effect. Taking them with opioids may worsen constipation. Your pharmacist can help identify potential culprits on your current medication list.

• Taking an OTC laxative. This is usually recommended first. Your healthcare provider may recommend taking one or two different types of laxatives. However, laxatives don’t work for everyone. But since they’re affordable and easily accessible, they can be a good place to start.

• Talking to your provider about adjusting your medication. If your constipation is severe or persistent, your provider may consider adjusting your opioid medication or prescribing a different pain reliever.

• Ask about prescription medications for constipation. Several prescription medications have been approved for constipation from opioids. Unlike other treatments, they target the underlying cause. However, they’re only available as brand-name medications. Examples include methylnaltrexone (Relistor), naloxegol (Movantik), and naldemedine (Symproic).

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Written by:

Alyssa Billingsley, PharmD

Alyssa Billingsley, PharmD, is the director of pharmacy content for GoodRx. She has over a decade of experience as a pharmacist and has worked in clinical, academic, and administrative roles.

Reviewed by:

Christina Aungst, PharmD

Christina Aungst, PharmD, is a pharmacy editor for GoodRx. She began writing for GoodRx Health in 2019, transitioning from freelance writer to editor in 2021.

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