Key takeaways
Diazepam (Valium, Diazepam Intensol, Valtoco, Diastat) and Xanax (alprazolam) are both benzodiazepines used to treat anxiety. Diazepam is also used for alcohol withdrawal symptoms, muscle spasms, and as an add-on for seizures, while Xanax is specifically approved for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder. Diazepam is available as oral tablets and solution, a nasal spray, and a rectal gel. The oral forms are typically taken 2 to 4 times daily, whereas Xanax comes in immediate-release tablets, orally disintegrating tablets, and oral solution, usually taken 3 times a day. It also comes as an extended-release tablet (Xanax XR), taken once a day. Both medications are controlled substances due to the risk of dependence and misuse. Common side effects of diazepam include sleepiness, dizziness, and muscle weakness, while Xanax can cause drowsiness, memory problems, and poor coordination. Both medications can interact with alcohol and opioids, leading to serious side effects like severe sedation and breathing problems. Diazepam is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding, and Xanax should be avoided during pregnancy due to potential harm to the baby.
