People who identify as transgender or nonbinary have more options than ever for expressing their gender identities. Some individuals may opt for gender affirmation surgery — but some may not. For those who choose surgery, there are many different types to choose from.
Jess Ting, MD, Reconstructive Surgeon for The Mount Sinai Hospital, says it’s a “very exciting time” to be offering gender affirmation surgeries. “For as long as human beings have existed, there have been transgender people. This is the first time that we have the capability, the technology, that we can provide [these surgeries],” says Dr. Ting.
Almazan, A. N., et al. (2021). Association between gender-affirming surgeries and mental health outcomes. JAMA Surgery.
Bekeny, J. C., et al. (2021). Breast augmentation in the transgender patient: narrative review of current techniques and complications. Annals of Translational Medicine.
Harris, J. et al. (2021). Facial masculinization from procedures to payment: a review. LGBT Health.
Lotan, A. M., et al. (2020). Mastectomy incision design to optimize aesthetic outcomes in breast reconstruction. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Global Open.
Massie, J. P., et al. (2018). Predictors of patient satisfaction and postoperative complications in penile inversion vaginoplasty. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
Morrison, S. D., et al. (2016). Phalloplasty: a review of techniques and outcomes. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
National Cancer Institute. (n.d.). NCI’s dictionary of cancer terms: thyroid cartilage.
Pan, S., et al. (2018). Gender-affirming surgery: current concepts. Current Urology Reports.
Pariser, J. J., et al. (2019). Transgender vaginoplasty: techniques and outcomes. Translational Andrology and Urology.