Key takeaways
Ranitidine (Zantac) and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) are both used to treat stomach-related conditions, but they belong to different medication classes. Ranitidine is a histamine H2 antagonist that was used for heartburn, stomach ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by reducing stomach acid. However, it was discontinued in the U.S. due to concerns about a cancer-causing impurity. Bismuth subsalicylate, on the other hand, is an antidiarrheal medication used to treat diarrhea and symptoms of an upset stomach, such as nausea and gas. It is available over-the-counter in various forms like chewable tablets and oral solutions. While ranitidine was available in oral and injectable forms, bismuth subsalicylate is only taken orally. Common side effects of bismuth subsalicylate include nausea, changes in taste, and dark-colored tongue or stools. Additionally, bismuth subsalicylate should not be used in children under 12 due to the risk of Reye's syndrome, and it can interact with blood thinners and NSAIDs, increasing the risk of bleeding.
