Actimmune
Actimmune is a medication used for genetic conditions called chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and severe malignant osteopetrosis (SMO). It's given as an injection under the skin three times per week. Actimmune is only available by prescription and must be dispensed by a specialty pharmacy.
What is Actimmune?
What is Actimmune used for?
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
Severe malignant osteopetrosis (SMO)
How Actimmune works
Actimmune is a biologic medication that contains a protein called interferon gamma.
In CGD, your immune system isn't working as well as it should. Actimmune acts on your immune system. It helps your white blood cells work better to fight off germs so you don't get sick as often or as severely.
In SMO, your body's ability to regulate bone growth and breakdown isn't balanced, which can cause many problems throughout the body. Actimmune helps your body break down bone and replace it with new, healthy bone better. This keeps your bones from getting too hard and the condition's complications around the body from getting worse.
Drug Facts
What are the side effects of Actimmune?
Common Side Effects
- Fever (52%)
- Headache (33%)
- Rash (17%)
- Chills (14%)
- Redness or tenderness at injection site (14%)
- Feeling tired (14%)
- Diarrhea (14%)
- Vomiting (13%)
- Nausea (10%)
Other Side Effects
- Muscle pain
- Joint pain
Serious Side Effects
- Low blood cell counts: fever, diarrhea, weakness, fast heart rate, lightheadedness, blood in your urine or stool
- Liver problems: swelling of your stomach, yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes, confusion
- Allergic reaction: hives, rash, blisters, skin reddening, swelling of the lips or tongue, difficulty breathing
Source: DailyMed
The following side effects have also been reported
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
Less common
Black, tarry stools
bleeding gums
blood in the urine or stools
confusion
cough or hoarseness
loss of balance control
lower back or side pain
mask-like face
painful or difficult urination
pinpoint red spots on the skin
shuffling walk
stiffness of the arms or legs
trembling and shaking of the hands and fingers
trouble breathing
trouble speaking or swallowing
trouble thinking or concentrating
trouble walking
ulcers, sores, or white spots in the mouth
unusual bleeding or bruising
unusual tiredness or weakness
Incidence not known
Abdominal or stomach pain or tenderness
change in walking and balance
clay colored stools
clumsiness or unsteadiness
dark urine
decreased appetite
decreased frequency or amount of urine
general feeling of discomfort or illness
headache
increased thirst
itching or skin rash
joint or muscle pain
loss of appetite
lower back or side pain
muscle aches and pains
numbness or tingling of the face, hands, or feet
painful or difficult urination
pale skin
redness and soreness of the eyes
shivering skin
sweating
swelling of the face, fingers, or lower legs
trouble sleeping
yellow eyes or skin
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Pros and cons of Actimmune
Pros
Works well for CGD and SMO
Given three times per week
Can use for children as young as 1 month old (for SMO) and 1 year old (for CGD)
Can give at home after getting properly trained by a healthcare provider
Cons
Only available as an injection under the skin
Might be difficult for some people to administer properly
Not a cure for CGD or SMO
Need to refrigerate the medication; can keep unopened vials at room temperature for up to 12 hours
Pharmacist tips for Actimmune
It's best to take Actimmune in the evening. This helps lower the risk of common, flu-like side effects like fever, headache, chills, tiredness, and weakness. If you develop these symptoms, stay hydrated, and ask your provider about using over-the-counter pain or fever medications, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), to help manage them.
Avoid alcohol during treatment since it can make side effects from Actimmune, like tiredness and confusion, worse. Be careful driving or performing activities that require you to be alert until you know how this medication affects you.
How to use Actimmune
Your provider or pharmacist will train you or your caregiver on how to properly give Actimmune injections. Make sure you know how to give yourself the medication to avoid accidentally hurting yourself or wasting the medication. Read the instructions or watch the instructional videos on how to take Actimmune. Contact your provider or pharmacist if you have any questions on how to use this medication.
Inject Actimmune into the fatty tissue between your skin and muscle at your thigh, upper arm, or stomach. It's not meant to be injected into your muscle or vein. Alternate injection sites each time to lower the risk of bruising and skin irritation. You can use the tracker tool to help track which days you inject the medication and at which sites.
Store Actimmune in the refrigerator, and keep the vials in the original carton away from light. When it's time for the injection, take one vial out of the refrigerator, and let it reach room temperature for about 15 minutes. Don't try to warm up the medication any other way (e.g., microwave, under hot water) because you might damage it. Once it's out of the refrigerator, use the medication within 12 hours.
Each Actimmune vial contains a single dose of medication. Throw away any leftover medication after each use, even if there's still some remaining in the vial. The vial doesn't contain any preservatives to keep germs and bacteria out of the medication once you open it.
After injecting Actimmune, throw away the syringe and needle in a sharps container or other heavy-duty, plastic container (e.g., empty milk carton, laundry detergent bottle). Don't throw them away in your trash can. This helps lower the risk of needle-stick injuries.
Frequently asked questions about Actimmune
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What are the risks and warnings for Actimmune?
Actimmune can cause some serious health issues. This risk may be even higher for certain groups. If this worries you, talk to your doctor or pharmacist about other options.
Heart or nervous system problems
Risk factors: History of heart or nervous system problems | Taking higher doses (greater than 10-times the weekly dose) of Actimmune
People with heart problems who took doses higher than 10-times the weekly recommended dose of Actimmune have experienced worsening of their heart condition. This worsening might be brought on by flu-like side effects of the medication, such as fever and chills.
Additionally, people who took such high doses of Actimmune have experienced confusion, disorientation, changes in their ability to think clearly, dizziness, and gait (walking) problems. Let your provider know if you have any of these symptoms. They typically go away within a few days after the Actimmune dose is lowered or the medication is stopped.
If you have a history of seizures, nervous system problems, or heart problems, let your provider know before Actimmune treatment. Your provider might want to follow up with you more closely. Ask your pharmacist or provider if you're not sure of your dose of Actimmune or how to give yourself the medication properly.
Low blood cell counts
Actimmune can lead to low blood cell counts, which can raise your risk for serious infections and bleeding. You'll likely need to have lab tests done before and during treatment with Actimmune. Tracking your blood cell counts helps your provider make sure they're in the normal range. If your blood counts drop too low, you'll likely need to stop taking Actimmune. If you develop any signs of infection (e.g., fever, tiredness, chills, cough, trouble breathing) or signs of bleeding (e.g., pale skin, fast heart rate, lightheadedness, blood in your urine or stool), contact your provider right away.
Liver damage
Risk factors: History of liver problems | Young children
Actimmune can cause liver problems, especially if you already have these problems before treatment. You might need to get regular blood tests done to make sure your liver is working properly. Seek medical attention immediately if you notice swelling of your stomach, yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes, stool changes (black, tarry, or bloody stools), coughing or vomiting up blood, or confusion. These liver problems typically go away once the Actimmune dose is lowered or the medication is stopped.
Severe allergic reactions
Risk factors: Allergy to latex
Severe allergic reactions to Actimmune are possible, including life-threatening reactions like facial swelling, shock, and anaphylaxis (closing of the throat). Make sure to tell your provider if you're allergic to latex because parts of the Actimmune vials are made with latex. If you notice dizziness, nausea, swelling around your eyes, swelling of the lips or tongue, a choking sensation, or difficulty breathing after using Actimmune, get medical help right away.
Actimmune dosage forms
Typical dosing for Actimmune
Actimmune is given as an injection under the skin three times per week. Your provider will calculate your dose based on your weight and height. The dose is the same for CGD and SMO.
Interactions between Actimmune and other drugs
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.
Actimmune contraindications
Allergy to interferon gamma or E. coli-derived products
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References
Best studies we foundHorizon Therapeutics USA, Inc. (2023). ACTIMMUNE efficacy.
Horizon Therapeutics USA, Inc. (2022). How to inject ACTIMMUNE® (Interferon gamma-1b).
Horizon Therapeutics USA, Inc. (2022). What is severe malignant osteopetrosis (SMO)?
Horizon Therapeutics USA, Inc. (2021). ACTIMMUNE- interferon gamma-1b injection, solution [package insert]. DailyMed.
Horizon Therapeutics USA, Inc. (2021). Tracking your treatment.
Muacevic, A., et al. (2015). Marble Bone Disease: A Rare Bone Disorder. Cureus.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2020). Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD).
Tau, G., et al. (1999). Biologic functions of the IFN‐γ receptors. Allergy.
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