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Arcalyst vs. Kineret

Arcalyst (rilonacept) is a prescription medication that's used to treat adults and children with certain rare inflammatory conditions, including cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), deficiency of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA), and recurrent pericarditis (RP). It's given as an injection under the skin once a week. The medication is approved for use in adults and children 12 years and older. Common side effects include injection site reactions and upper respiratory tract infections.

• Treatment of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), including familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS) and Muckle-wells Syndrome (MWS)
• Maintenance of deficiency of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA)
• Treatment and prevention of recurrent pericarditis (RP)

• Pain, itching, and swelling around the injection site (48%)
• Upper respiratory tract infection (26%)

Note: Side effects listed above are for people with CAPS. Similar side effects were reported in people with DIRA and RP.

• Serious infections
• Possible risk of cancer
• Higher cholesterol and triglycerides levels
• Interaction with vaccines

Kineret (anakinra) is an injectable medication used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) when certain other medications haven't worked well. Kineret (anakinra) is unique in that it's the only FDA-approved RA medication that blocks a specific protein called interleukin-1 (IL-1) that's responsible for swelling and pain. Kineret (anakinra) can also be used to treat certain other auto-inflammatory conditions. It's injected under the skin, typically once daily.

In November of 2022, Kineret (anakinra) received Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the FDA to improve survival and shorten hospital stay for certain people hospitalized with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).

• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
• Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID)
• Deficiency of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA)

RA:

• Injection-site reactions (71%)
• Sore throat, runny nose, and other symptoms of an infection (up to 39%)
• Headache (12%)
• Nausea (8%)
• Diarrhea (7%)

NOMID:

• Injection-site reactions (16%)
• Headache (14%)
• Vomiting (14%)
• Joint stiffness (12%)
• Fever (12%)
• Runny nose and sore throat (12%)

Please note: The safety profile of Kineret (anakinra) in people treated for DIRA is similar to that of for NOMID.

• Risk of serious infections
• Severe allergic reactions
• Vaccines