Push-Up vs. Bench Press: Which Strengthening Exercise Is Better?

Choosing the best exercises for your strength-training plan can help you achieve goals like building muscle faster. But narrowing down the list might be tricky, especially when choosing between similar exercises.

Take the push-up and bench press, for example. Both exercises work upper body muscles. How do you choose between the two? Learn the differences between these exercises to decide which is better for your needs.

What is the difference between a push-up and a bench press?

The following differences between push-ups and bench presses set these upper body exercises apart.

Starting position

You start push-ups and bench presses in opposite positions. With a push-up, your body is face down on the floor as you lower and lift your body weight. But with a bench press, you lie face up on a weight bench as you lift and lower a free weight or barbell.

Both exercises involve push movements that require flexing and extending your shoulder and elbow muscles. But a push-up is a closed kinetic chain exercise because your hands remain on the floor as you move. A bench press is an open-chain exercise because your hands move freely during the movement.

Muscle activation

Research shows that push-ups and bench presses activate similar muscle groups. Both exercises may strengthen the following upper body muscles:

• Chest (pectorals and serratus anterior)

• Shoulders (deltoids)

• Arms (triceps)

But unlike a bench press, a push-up is a total-body exercise. It may activate more core muscles, such as the abdominals and latissimus dorsi in your back.

Exercise intensity

A push-up is a body-weight exercise that requires no equipment, while a bench press requires weights, such as a barbell.

You can adjust push-ups and bench presses to suit different fitness levels. For example, beginners can make push-ups easier by doing half push-ups on their hands and knees instead of their hands and feet. You can use lighter weights to make bench presses less challenging.

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But a bench press may be better than a push-up for more advanced athletes. This is because you can easily increase the intensity and resistance by lifting more weight as you get stronger. Push-ups use your body weight for resistance. But you don’t actually lift your entire weight because your legs support some of the load. Some research suggests that you support about 69% to 75% of your total body weight during traditional push-ups.

Push-ups can be difficult for beginners to master. But once you do, it’s hard to add resistance. Wearing a weighted vest can help, but you won’t be able to add as much weight as you can with a bench press. You can, however, increase push-up intensity by using a resistance band or elevating your feet.

Studies show that you may be able to do more push-ups than bench presses, even when the resistance is the same. Differences in starting position and overall exercise intensity might explain why.

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Push-ups vs. bench presses: Advantages and disadvantages

Push-ups and bench presses may provide similar benefits, such as:

• Strengthening upper body muscles

• Building muscle mass

• Increasing muscular endurance

• Supporting strong bones

• Promoting heart health

As with any exercise, push-ups and bench presses have different advantages and disadvantages. Consider the pros and cons of push-ups.

Push-up benefits:

• Require no equipment

• Strengthen core muscles

• Improve posture

• May be easier for beginners

• Offer modifications to adjust intensity

• Safer to do on your own

Push-up cons:

• Can cause wrist, shoulder, or lower back pain if done with improper form

• May be challenging for beginners but too easy for advanced athletes

• Hard to add resistance as you get stronger

Here are some of the pros and cons of bench presses.

Bench press benefits:

• Easy to progress as you get stronger

• May be easier to learn proper form

• Increase absolute strength (maximum weight you can lift)

• Can modify bench angle and grip position to target different muscles

Bench press cons:

• Requires a weight bench and weights

• Requires a spotter if you’re using a barbell

• Has a higher risk of injury from using improper form or too much weight

So which is better, bench press or push-up?

Deciding between push-ups and bench presses will depend on your goals and fitness level. For example, beginners might start with push-ups before progressing to bench presses. You can also add both to your routine.

Advanced athletes may do both exercises in one workout to overload their muscles. But most people should perform push-ups and bench presses in separate workouts because they work similar muscle groups.

What is the proper way to do a push-up and a bench press?

Practice push-ups and bench presses with proper form to get the most out of the exercises and reduce the risk of injuries.

How to do a push-up

Here are the steps for how to do a push-up with proper technique:

• Step 1: Get into a high plank position with your palms and toes touching the floor. Your hands should be a little wider than shoulder width apart. Spread your fingers for added stability. Your toes should be curled under with your heels pointing toward the ceiling. You can spread your fingers for added stability.

• Step 2: Squeeze your abs to engage your core. Make sure your body is in a straight line from your head to your heels. Don’t lift your hips or let your midsection sag.

• Step 3: Bend your elbows to lower your chest toward the floor. Remember to keep your back straight and your core engaged.

• Step 4: Exhale as you press through your palms to straighten your elbows and return to the starting position. Don’t lock your elbows.

• Step 5: Repeat for the desired number of reps.

How to do a bench press

You need a weight bench to do a bench press. The exercise is called a bench press when you use a barbell. It’s often called a chest press when you use dumbbells. But you might hear them used interchangeably.

Here are the steps for how to do a bench press with proper technique:

• Step 1: Place a flat bench inside the squat rack. Lie on your back with your feet flat on the floor.

• Step 2: Make sure you have a spotter to help you unrack the barbell. Grip the barbell with your hands slightly wider than shoulder width apart. Your palms should face up and slightly away from your face. Your elbows should be extended. The barbell should hover over the center of your chest. This is the starting position.

• Step 3: Bend your elbows and slowly lower the bar toward your chest. Keep your elbows tucked along your sides and your wrists stiff.

• Step 4: Lower the bar until it’s right above your chest. Pause briefly.

• Step 5: Exhale as you powerfully press the bar back to the starting position.

• Step 6: Repeat for the desired number of reps.

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Written by:

Amber Sayer, MS, CPT

Amber Sayer, MS, CPT, has been working in fitness and wellness for the past 12 years in a variety of capacities, ranging from exercise physiology for cardiac rehab to one-on-one personal training and health coaching. She has been a health and fitness writer and editor for 7 years.

Edited by:

Alex Eastman, PhD, RN

Alex Eastman, PhD, RN, is a California-based registered nurse and staff medical editor at GoodRx, where he focuses on clinical updates and Latino health.

Reviewed by:

Mandy Armitage, MD

Mandy Armitage, MD, has combined her interests in clinical medicine with her passion for education and content development for many years. She served as medical director for the health technology companies HealthLoop (now Get Well) and Doximity.

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